初中英语情态动词用法归纳

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初中英语情态动词用法归纳

情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有

人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：

1.can 的用法：

(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会 ”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：Shecan swim fast, but lean 她能游.得很快，但我不能。Ican see with my eyes我用眼睛看。

(2) .表示许可，常在口语中。如：Youcan use my dictionary. 你可以用

我的字典。

(3) .表示推测，意为可能”常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can'译为不可能”女口： Canthe news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？一Canit be our teacher那个人有可能是我们老师吗？一No,it can'tbe our teacher. He is on a visit to the GreatlW不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

【例题】一Ithink Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go ther—No.She __be there, I have just been there. A.can'tB.mustn 'tC.needn 'tD.wouldn 't
【解析】根据下文我刚去过那儿”可知，应为不可能” can'表示推测［答案］A
2.could 的用法：

(1) .can的过去式，意为能、会”表示过去的能力。女口： Hecould write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2) .could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Couldyou do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？一CouldI use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？一Yes,you can可以。(注意回

答)

3.may 的用法：

(1).表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：MayI borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？Youmay go

homenow现在你可以回家了。

【例题】一_______Iborrow your MP3?-Sure. Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would

【解析】在此处表示请求，意为做……可以吗”答案：A
(2).表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如： Itmay rain tomorrow .

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明天可能会下雨。Shemay be at home她可能在家呢.

(3).may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。女口：Heis away from school. He might

besick.

他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。

⑷.表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyou have a good time祝你过得愉快。Mayyou be happy祝你幸福！Mayyou succeed祝你成功！

4.must的用法：

(1).must表示主观看法，意为必须、一定”。女口： Youmust stay here until I come back在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。 MustI hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？

(2)其否定形式mustn'表示一定不要”千万别”禁止，不许”如：Youmustn 'tplay with fire你不许玩火。Youmustn'tbe la你一定不要迟到。

(3)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn'或don't have to如:—MustI finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？一No,you needn不,t.你不必。

(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如：Thelight is on, so he must be at home nowT亮着，他现在肯定在家。

注意其反意问句的构成形式：
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。女口：Shemust have seen the film before hasn'she?注意反意疑问句的后半部分)Youmust have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday didn'you?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5.need的用法：

(1).need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为 needn',t意为没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn'或don't have to如：一NeedI stay here any Ion ger?我还有必要留在这儿吗？一Yes,you must 是的。一No.you n eed n 't/ddnave tto.不，你不必。

⑵.need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不
定式。女口：Ineed to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。Heneeds to learn more about the gir他需要

多了解那个女孩。

如果是物作主语，一般用needdoing与needto be done这种情况下应注意两点：
① .主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的

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被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：要油漆

.Thedoor n eeds pain ti ng. = The door n eeds to be painte那扇门需

一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repairer的车需要维修了。

6. dare的用法：dare意为敢、敢于”用法近似于need,有两种词性：
(1) dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he kn ows他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？ I daren ' t ask hewill you do it for me?我可不敢问她，你能帮我问问吗？

(2) dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。女口： He doesn' t dare to break his promise.

他不敢食言。

注意：在口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。女口： Do you dare tell her what

I said?

你敢告诉她我说的话吗？ I didn 7. shall 的用法：

tdare look amh我不敢看他。

shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)，如：Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？

在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。

(1) .用“ Let's do...” 来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.

⑵.用“ What/How about...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。女口： What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?

⑶.用“Why not...?”来提出建议，表示“何不...” not面后接动词原形。“ Why not...?”实际上是“ Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如： Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?

⑷.用“Would you like...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要....吗？” Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如： Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?

因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗 ?”英语中可有这样几种表达法： Shall we go for a swim? Let's go for a swim， shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim?

8. should 的用法：
(1) .should意为应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment.

我们应该保护环境。

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(2) Shouldhave done表示对过去动作的责

备、批评。如：

Youshould have finished your homework.

你应该已经完成作业了。 (事实上你没有完成。 )

9. will 的用法：

will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I ' m free this今etnoon.

下午如果我有空，我就会帮你

1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。

由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“ will+动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是 there will be。（一定不能说 there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.—There will be many stude nts in our school. There will be a sports meet ing next wee一定不能说： There will have a sports meeting next week.

2、will 与 be going to do sth 区别：
①.be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，女口： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.

②.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，

will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.

③.be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，女口： She is going to lend us her

book.

He will be here in half an hour.

④.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll

stay with you and help you

10. had better 的用法：

had better意为最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。

如：

We had better go now我们最好现在就走。You had better not give the book to him你最好不要把这本书

给他。

考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答 :

1对 may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure .

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No,you mustn 't.No, you can 't.

对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：

Yes,…must.

No,…needn't/don 'thave to.

3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如：Couldyou do me a favour?

你能帮我个忙吗？一CouldI use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？一Yes,you can可以。（注意回答）

4.shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：

Yes,please. All right. No, thank you.

5. wouldyou •的回答方式有以下几

种：Yes,I will. (No, I won Su'ret.)(l 'msorry , I canAll 't.

right/OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.

【例题】—Wouldyou do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily—?_____.

A.That' s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn

'tmatter D.No trouble

【解析】A.意为对了” B.意为乐意效劳”，CS为没关系” DS为不费事”答案：B

考点三 :不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：

1. ( 1).can' 可译为不会”女口： I can ' t play baskets我不会打篮球。

(2) 当句子表推测时，用 can'表达不可能，如：He can' t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。

(3) can'还可用来回答“ May I…这”的问句。女口： May I come in ?我可以进来吗？ No, you mustn' t. / can不,'你不能。

(4) can'还可用于固定习语中。can' t help doin禁不住，…情不自禁…can' t wait to do st迫不及待…如：She can' t help cryin她不禁大哭起来。The children can' t wait to open the box孩子们迫不及待地

想打开盒子。

2. may的否定式为 may not，译成可能不”女口： He may not be at home他也许不在家。

3. (1) mustn'表示不许，不可。女口： He mustn ' t leave his roo他不许离开他的房间。You mustn ' t talk in class你们不可以在课上说话。

(2) mustn '也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：这里吗？一 No, you mustn ' t (can不' 不行。

一MayI stand here?我可以站在

4. (1) needn'意为不必”女口： You needn ' t meet him unless you '你不需要见他，除非

你愿意。

精品文档 (2)needn't + have动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如： Youneedn' t have bought你没必要买它(但你却买了)。

5.shouldn 表示不应该。如：Youshouldn 'tfeel so unhappy over such little thingi于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。

考点四:情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情

态动词和被动语态这两个方面。如：

Youneed n'tget up so early every d你不必每天都起这么早。

She shouldn ' t speak to her mother in that 她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。 More and more trees

must be pla nted in Chi na在中国必须种植更多的树木。

Manyof the stars can not be see n because they

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arefar away from us很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了

考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法

—、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。

1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。女口：Thatman can t be her husbandshe is still single. Who is knocking at thedoor? Can it be the postman?

2、 must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：working now , for the lights in his office are still on.

Hemust be in his office now.Mr Li must be

3、 might表示推测时不一定是 may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。女口： The man may be the headmaster.

—Where is Mr Li? — He might be worki ng in his office. — May Mr Li come? — He might not come

here.

4、 Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。女口： — Could it be an animal?— It could not be, because it is not moving.

5、 Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。女口： It is already 10 o ' clock n they should be there.

二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。

1、“ must +have done/been——-表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于

“musn t+have----”形式。如： She must have seen the film before hasn'she?注意反意疑问句的后半部分)

You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterdayddnJ you?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分 )

2、“should +have done /been----”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“ shouldn ' t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。女口： You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).

You shouldn ' t have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).

3、“needn'完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如： There was plenty

of time. She needrf t have hurried .

4、 “ can' t /couldn ' t+have done-/been表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：

I saw him just now. He can ' t have gone to Japan.

精品文档Shesaid the man could n thave stole n her car.

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5、“could+havedone/been----”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。“couldsb. have done /been-------？-”是它的问句形式。如：Youcould have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but infact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped thisgirl student?

6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，语气较弱。如： Hemay have finished reading the book. She might have given you somehe，lphowever bus she was.

情态动词易混点归纳】

易混点一:can 和beable to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用beable to来表示。另外beable to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jimcan 'tspeak Engli吉姆不会说英语。Hecould speak English at 5他五岁时就会说英语。

We'II be able to see him next week下星期我们将会见到他。Hehas been able to drive他已经会开车了。I'msure you 'llbe able to finish it qui我相信你能迅速地完成。Wewere able to reach the top of the moun ta in at noon我们能在中午到达山顶。

易混点二:can和may
1.can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。女口： Can/May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？

2.can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1）在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can

2）在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
3）在否定句中用can't不可能），不用may，must。如：Shemay be in the classroom她可能在

教室里。Where can they be now他们现在可能在哪儿? 易混点三 : may be 和 maybe

Thatcan 'tbe trSi不可能是真的

用法区别常用位置

may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于 perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I' m not sure也许他错了，但我也不确定。

易混点四： can' t 和 mustn ' t

1. can根据其基本用法可译为:

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(1)不会。如：lean'tspeak Engli我不会说英语。

(2)不能。如：Wecan' t do now because it 'stoo d天太黑了，我们现在干不了。

(3)否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如： Theman ean'tbe our teaeher beeause he is mueh

youngerthan our teacher那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。

2.mustn意为禁止、不许”用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。女口：Youmustn 'tplay football in the

street.It 'stoo da你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。

易混点五：must和haveto
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。haveto侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时
和将来时。如：Iknow I must study hard 我知道我必须努力学习。Mybrother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in themid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。Ihaven'tgot any money with me, so I'llhave to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。Hesaid they must work hard他说

他们必须努力工作。

2.have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。女口：Thecomposition is due to ha nd in this morni ng, so I had to fin ish itlast ni ght.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。

易混点六：usedto do / be used to doing / be used to do…/be used for doing sth
usedto do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用 todo，不用doing形式；而beused to doing意为“习惯做…”，be可有各种时态；beused to do意为“......被使用去做....，”为被动语态形式。beused for doing sth “用作.”如：Myfather used to eating meat我父

亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。

Sheis used to eati ng mea她习惯吃肉。Hewasn' t used to

eating in a restauran他不习惯在饭店吃饭。A knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割东西” A knife can be used to cut things.刀可以用来割东西)

【情态动词例题解析】

1、__________—you pass me a pen? I ' d like to write down the phone —nuSmubrer..Here it is.

A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must

【解析】由题干可知，本句表示请求、许可。答案： A

2、 —May I go to the cinema, mum?— Certainly, but you _______ be back by 11 o ' clock.

A. can B. may C. must D. need

【解析】由题意可知，此处并非表推测的用法，而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求，故选 C,意为必

须”。答案： C

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3、__________You g et there by bus. A. don 'tneed B. needn 'tto C. don 'tneed to D. need don

【解析】由选项A可知need为实义动词，故应加上to才正确。选项Bneedn'为情态动词，应去掉to，故选C.

4、You______ worry about me. It 'snothing serious. A. can 'tB. mustn 'tC. needn

【解析】由题干It'snothing seho可推断，第一句意为你不必为我担心”故选C。本题易错选B,mustn '意为禁止”故不正确。答案：C

5、—Excuseme. Is this the right way to the Summer Please—?Sorry, I 'mnot sure . But it ______

be.

A.might B.mustn 'tC.can 'tD.must

解析】考查情态动词might表推测的用法。“I'mnot su说明说话者的语气并不肯定，所以要用might。答案：A

6、Theman in the office___be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.

A.mustn'tB.may not C.can 'tD.needn 't

【解析】由下文hewe nt home just now可知，作者判断办公室里那个人（不可能是 Mr.Black。mustn'意为千万别” maynot意为可能不” needn'意为不必” can'意为不可能，故选C。

7、—Canyou go surfing with us this afternoon?

—I'dlike to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my motheris ill.

A.needB.must C.have to D.should

【解析】由题干mymother is ill 为客观要求可知，选C.

8、—MayI take this book out of the reading room?—_____.Please read it here.

A.Certainly B.No, you needn 'tC.No, you mustn 'tD.No, you may not
【解析】MayI…？的否定答语为No,you can 't/mustn Must I…否定答语为No，you
needn't/don'thave to.;Can的否定答语为No，youcan '在口语交际中，要体会句子中的情感差别。答案： C

【情态动词活学巧练】

1John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. may B.canC. has to D. must 2 They ___ do well in the exam. A. can be ableto B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to

精品文档3—MayI take this book out?—No,you___. A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't

4You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever. A. canB. must C. dare D. would

5—Canyou speak Japa nese? No, I ___. A. must n't B. can't C. n eed n't D.may not

1— He_be in the classroom, I thi nk—No,he ___be in the classroom. I saw him go home a

minute ago.

A.can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; must n't
2—Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad—Thanks, but you _, I've had eno ugh.

A.may not B. must not C. can't D. n eed n't
3Eve n the top stude nts in our class can't work out this problem, soit ___be very difficult.

A.may B. must C. can D. n eed
4He isn't at school. I think he __be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D.has to 5 __I take this on e? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do

1The children __play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. must n'tD. must
2You __be late for school aga in n ext time. A. must n't B. n eedn'tC. don't have to D. don't n eed to 3— Must I do my homework aton ce?— No, you_. A. n eed n't B. must n't C. can't D. may not

1His arm is all right. He __go and see the doctor.

A.has not to B. don't have toC. have n't to D. does n't have to
2He had to give up the pla n, __he? A. did B. did n't C. does D. doesn't 3 They had to walk here, ___they? A. must n't B. did C. did n'tD. had n't

1He had better stay here, __he? A. did n't B. don't C. had n't D. isn't
2You'd better __late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D.don't be 3 You'd better __your hair ____once a mon th.

A.had; cut B. had; cuttedC. have; cut D. have; cutted
4You __ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.

A.had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not

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1—Shall we go and visit the History Museum n ext Sunday— ______
A.Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
2—Why don't you ask Mike to go with us?—Thanks,___. A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may 3— ___ I take thenewspaper away—?No, you mustn't. You_read it only here.

A.Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must
7
1Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. WouldD. Must 2 ___ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. WouldD. Do
3—Wouldyou like to go boating with us?—Yes,___.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do

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1You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. needn't B.can't C. mustn't D. have to 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he? A.need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't
3—Mustwe do our homework first?—No,you___. You may have a rest first.

A.mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't

【参】
1.1-5 A D A B B 2. 1-5 C D B C A 3. 1-3 C A A 4. 1-3 D B C 5. 1-4 C B CC 6. 1-3 B A B 7. 1-3 C C C 8. 1-3 A D B

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