Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation ?
1. anywhere adv. 否/疑问/条件状从 somewhere adv.肯 形容词放其后
Eg. You can go anywhere interesting if you want. -Did you go ____B____last summer holiday? -Yes. I went to Shanghai Disney.
A. somewhere special B. anywhere special C. special somewhere D. special anywhere
2. 形容词修饰不定代词 everywhere 肯“到处”
nowhere 不在任何地方-----反----anywhere任何地方 some-， any-, every-, no-, 加 –one, -body, -thing
anything 复合不定代词 否/疑， if/whether之后 形容词放其后 something 肯 e.g. Do you have anything to say ? Last night I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home. If you have anything important to tell me, please call me. -Tom, please come here. I have___C___ to tell you. -Ok. I’m coming.
A. anything important B. important something C. something important D. important anything
3. How do you like…? 你觉得…怎么样
=What do you think of…? = How do you feel about…?
Eg. How do you like your new job?=What do you think of your new job?=How do you feel about your new job? 4.bored 人 感受 -ed boring 物 事物的特征 -ing e.g. She is bored with her job.
The lecture was deadly boring.
Do you find yourself getting impatient or __A____ with people over由于unimportant things?
A. bored B. boring C. tiring D. tired 5.because of +n. 短语，代词等 Because +句子
e.g. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. And we couldn’t see anything below because the weather was bad. 1、Please be brief because I am in a hurry. 我有急事，请长话短说。
2、I did not go to the cinema because of the intense cold. 我因为严寒没出去看电影。 3、I didn't buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。 4、He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。 5、He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 6.enough
adj. I have enough money to buy a new book. adv. He is not old enough to go to school. adj. + enough + to do sth. 足够…做…
She is old _enough______ _to__ make her own decision. 7. 一般过去时 过去发生的动作或状态
（1）肯：主语+was/were/V-p +其他 We were pupils two years ago. I went to the zoo last week.
（2）否：主语+was/were + not ; 主语+ didn’t + V原 + 其他 He wasn’t here just now. He didn’t go to school last Friday.
（3）一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 其他 ？
Did + 主语 + V原 + 其他 ？
You were at home this morning. Were you at home this morning?
Your brother played computer games last Sunday. Did you brother play computer games last Sunday?
Unit 2 How often do you exercise ? 1. 不得不；必须
have to 客观需要 must 主观愿望、看法 We had to walk to school yesterday. It’s too late, I have to go now. You must finish the work before. We have to finish the work before lunch. 2. want to do sth. 想要做sth. I want to go shopping.
want sb. to do sth. 想要sb.做sth. V +宾+宾补 She wanted me to read it again.
类似的动词：ask, teach, tell, wish, invite, order… 3. be good +介词
be good to 对…很好 She is good to everyone.
be good for 对…有益/有好处 Eating vegetables is good for your health. be good at 擅长 He is good at speaking English.
be good with 与…相处得好 He is very good with the children. do harm to=be bad for=be harmful to 对…有害
Nowadays, almost everyone knows air pollution is harmful to people’s health. It not only disturbs others, but also does harm to people’s hearing. 4. it 作形式主语 动词不定式做真正的主语 It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 做sth….(adj.) It is everyone’s duty to obey the law. It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
It is/was + adj. (for sb.) + to do sth. 对sb.来说做sth.是…的 adj. 表事物的特征，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible… e.g. It’s very hard for him to learn two foreign languages. It is/was +adj. of sb. + to do sth. sb. 做sth.，真…(adj.)
adj. 表人物的性格、品德，常表示主观感情或态度，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish…
e.g. It’s very nice of you to help me. 5. 频率副词
always总是；永远；始终 100% usually 通常；经常 75% often 时常；常常 50% sometimes 有时 20% hardly几乎不 5% never 从不 0% 6. how often/soon/long/far how often“多久一次”频率
e.g.-How often do you visit your mother? -Once a week.
how soon “多久之后”多久能完成 对（从即时起）到将来某个时刻间的时间长短提问，回答通常为 in+一段时间 e.g. –How soon will he be back？
-In an hour.
how far “多远” 路程
e.g.-How far is it from here to the zoo? -It’s 6 kilometers.
how long “时间多久；物体多长”一段时间/长度
一般对过去发生的时间提问 e.g. –How long did he stay here? -About two weeks. 对物体长度提问
e.g.-How long is the board? -About one meter. 7.through,across 介词 穿过
through 内部/中间 如人群中，阳光中，物体中间等等；可用于抽象
e.g. The sunlight comes through the glass.
I don't know how they get through these cold winters.
across表面 go across 与cross（v./n.） 同义across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。
e.g. Go across (Cross) the road, and you will find the post office on your right.
The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China.绿色长城横跨中国西北
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister 1. Both
做主语常与介词of连用，构成both…of… e.g. Both of us like watching the talent show.
both …and… “两者都”链接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Both my father and my mother are English teachers.
Practice: -Please turn down the music. __C___Dad____ Mom are sleeping. -Sorry, I’ll do it right away.
A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also 2. ★反意疑问句的用法 规则：“前肯后方，前否后肯” 陈述部分+反义部分 希望证实所叙述的内容 两种结构：①肯定陈述+否定疑问
e.g. The students enjoy playing football, don’t they?
②否定陈述+肯定反意疑问 e.g. You didn’t go, did you? 情态动词/be/have(has)done/do
I can speak English, _can’t I_____? I can’t speak Japanese, _can I______? She hasn’t been to Japan, _has she_______? I didn’t go to school, _did__I_____?
Practice: He has few friends in his new school, __B___?
A. hasn’t he B. does he C. is he D. doesn’t he She is a nurse, _isn’t___she____?
She has eaten dinner, _hasn’t____she____? I have a house, _don’t_____ _I__?
I have bought a car, _haven’t ____ ___I____? I have a cold, __don’t ___ _I_? She likes me, __doesn’t__ _she__? He played cards, _didn’t___ __he__?
如何回答，根据事实回答yes/no, 是否符合陈述部分
“前否后肯” 的回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
They work hard, don’t they?他们努力工作，不是吗？
Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不，他们工作不努力。 They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？
Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的， 他们工作不努力。 以Let’s开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we；以Let us开头的，则用 will you e.g. Let’s go home， shall we？ 咱们回家吧，好吗？ Let us go home， will you？ 让我们回家吧，好吗？ 2. ★let’s 和let us let’s中us包括对方
e.g. Let’s try again.咱们再试一下吧 Let us 不包括对方
e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival.告诉我们你到达的时间
practice: Mom, let’s go shopping.妈妈，我们一起去购物吧 Mom, let us go shopping. 妈妈，请允许我们去购物 3. as…as… 的用法 “像……一样……”用于同级比较
① “as + 形容词/副词的原级+as…” 表示两者在某一方面相同或相等 e.g. Mary works as carefully as Linda. ② “not as/so…as…” 不像…一样… e.g. Spring isn’t as/so cold as winter.
③ “as much/many+U/N+as…” 可用于表示数量
e.g. I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。 Practice: My father think writing is as ___A__ as reading.
A. Interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. more interested
4. have fun 的用法 “玩得高兴，过得快乐” have fun (in) doing sth. 做sth.有乐趣 have a good time enjoy oneself
e.g. We have fun (in) reading English novels. Practice: -Did you have __A__ good time yesterday? -Yeah, I really had _____ fun at the party.
A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a 5. make
make sb. do sth. 让/使sb. 做sth. e.g. His words made us feel so excited.
The boss made the workers work day and night. ★see, watch, look at 三看 hear, listen to 两听
feel一感 以及let, have, make 三个使役动词后跟省略to的不定式做宾补 e.g. Did you hear him go out?
I often see him play basketball in the playground.
Practice: The child is crying. Please do something to make him___B__. A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop crying 6. as long as “只要”条件状从
e.g. You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. Practice: -What’s your opinion on friends? 你对于朋友的观点是什么
-They are like books. We don’t need a lot of them ___A___ they are good. A. as long as B. as soon as C. so that D. as if 7. the same as 和…一样
e.g. Your opinion is the same as mine.
Practice: It’s not necessary to find a friend who is the same __B__ you. A. in B. as C. to D. from 8. be similar to sb./sth. 与sb./sth.相似 e.g. My problems are similar to yours.
Practice: Nana is __D___ to her father in many ways. For example, they are both tall.
A. different B. kind C. friendly D. similar 9. be different from 和…不同 反义词the same as e.g. My job is different from his.
Practice：-Are you different ____ your friend? -No, we are similar ______ each other. A. from, to B. to, from C. from, from D. in, from ※ different adj. difference n.不同点 important adj. importance n. 重要性
10.★ 形容词、副词比较级、最高级
比较级/最高级变化规则： 变化规则 单音节 和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er/ -est 例词 smaller, taller, higher 以不发音的e结尾加-r/-st finer, nicer, later 以辅音字母加y结尾，y变i 加-er/-est 重度闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-er/-est easier, earlier, heavier, happier bigger, fatter, thinner, 多音节和部分双音节 常见不规则 词前加more/most more outgoing/interesting many/much变more, most good/well变better, best bad/ill变worse, worst little变less, least far变farther/further, farthest/furthest old变older/elder, oldest/eldest
10.1 比较级特别用法和句型 （1）同级比较 ①倍数比较：
Your room is twice as big as mine.
This bridge is three times as long as that one. My handwriting is not half as good as yours. ②as…as possible 表示尽可能…
He is coming here as fast as possible.= He is coming here as fast as he can.
（2）可用于修饰比较级的词主要包括：much, a bit, a little, a lot, rather, far, even, still, a great deal, twice, many times, one third, any等
Tom is much shorter than his brother. Don't go by plane. It's a lot more expensive.
In my eyes, Susan is pretty while Lucy is even prettier. My sister is two years younger than me. It is one-fourth cheaper than the market price. 比较级……比较级……,表示“越……,就越… The more money you make, the more you spend. The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. The faster I type, the more mistakes I make. （3）the+比较级+ of the two, “两个中比较……的” Of the two girls, Lynn is the more beautiful girl. He is the better of the two. Mary is the taller of the twins. （4）表示倍数
Our classroom is twice bigger than theirs. This rule is three times longer than that one. 10.2 最高级其他用法
（1）“主语+ be + one of the adj.最高级 + 名词复数 + 范围”表示“…是…中最…之一”
Computer is one of the most important inventions in the world.
This is one of the most interesting stories I have ever heard. （2）adj. 最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最…” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
11. both, all, neither, none, either的用法 both: 两者都… both两者都 all三者都 neither 两者都不 none 三者都不 Both of my friends are friends. Both he and his brother are students.
All of us like to eat apples. =We all like to eat apples. All of the oil is used up.
Neither of my parents （v单数）is coming here. Neither James nor I am from Canada.（就近原则） None of us agreed with him.
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?
1. be close to 离…近
The supermarket is close to my house. close adj. 亲密的，密切的 She is a close friend of theirs. close V. 关闭
Please close the window before leaving the office. -Where is Shenzhen Concert Hall? How can we get there? -It is close to the bookshop. A. behind B. opposite C. near 2. some 的特殊用法
通常some 肯定句 any 否定句/疑问句 There are some letters for you. Are there any letters for me?
☆在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，希望得到肯定回答时，通常用some不用any May I have some paper? Can you lend me some money? Why not give her some flowers? Would you like some bananas? Shall I get some water for you? -Would you like_____ coffee?
-No, thanks. I don’t want ______ drinks now.
A. any, any B. any, some C. some, any D. some, some 3. have… in common“有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同” have nothing in common 没有共同点 The two sisters have nothing in common. 所有这些文章都有一个共同之处。
All these articles have one thing ______ ____________. play a role 发挥作用，有影响
play an important role in… 在…中起重要作用
若要进一步引出具体内容用介词in, “在…起重要作用或承担某种角色” The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions. The internet ____ an important ______ in people’s work and life. 4. look like, take after, be similar to look like 看起来像… （外观上像） You look like your father.
take after 长得像，行为、性格等像，有时相当于be similar to
Mary really takes after her mother.
be similar to 用法广泛，相似的物品或情景的对比上 My pen is similar to yours.
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
1. mind 介意 常用于否定句、疑问句 介词 -Would you mind lending me your bike? -Of course not. plan 名词
make a plan for sth. 为某事制定计划 a plan to do sth. 制定计划做sth. 作动词
plan to do sth. 计划做sth. -What are you going to do tonight?
-I plan________ Days of Our Past.我们逝去的日子 A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 2. hope
hope to do sth. 希望做sth. 但是不能接“宾语+不定式”，可跟that（that可省）从句
I hope to arrive home as soon as possible.
I hope (that) you can help me with my math.（不能说I hope you to help me with my math.）
We hope to see you again.= We hope we can see you again. She said she hoped ________ her daughter. A. to see B. you to see C. seeing
3. famous
be famous for 因…而出名
Beijing is famous for many places of interest.名胜古迹 be famous as 作为…而出名 Sun Yang is famous as a swimmer. 4. ready
be ready to do sth. 准备好、乐于做某事 He is always ready to help others. be/get ready for sth. 为sth.准备 I’m ready for my English test.
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做sth. I plan to try my best to help the old man. 5. look, see, watch, notice
look看 (强调动作 集中注意力有意识的行为) Look！ The bus is coming. see 看见，看到 (强调看的结果) Can you see the UFO in the sky.
watch 观看 (强调专注地看，有欣赏意味，多指看电视节目、比赛) Do you often watch this TV program? notice 注意到 (常指无意识的行为) He passed by me without noticing me. 6. expect, hope, wish, look forward to
expect “期望、待”（相信有实现可能的） n./ to do/宾语+宾补 We expect him to come to help us.
hope 主观愿望，(对实现有信心 ) to do短语/that从句，不可接宾语+ 不定式
I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school.
wish “但愿，希望” (未完成或不能完成) to do 短语/双宾语/宾+宾补/that从句 We wish him to feel well again soon.
look forward to“盼望，期望”(向往某事) 其中to为介词 We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 6. happen, take place 发生 无被动 happen 偶然或突发事件 An accident happened in that street. take place 一般指安排或计划发生的 When will your wedding take place.
Unit 6 I’ m going to study computer science.
1. 例句
1. 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态。
2.
将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态
1. He will get married. 他就快结婚了 [1] 。 2. She will have a daughter.她就会有个女儿了。 3. The cat will have a master.猫要有主人了。 4. The dog will have a house. 狗就要有窝了。 5. Telephone me this evening. I will be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。 6. I shall/will do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好 7. The car won‘t start.车开不了啦。 8. Oil and water will not mix. 油水没法混在一起。 9. Will you do your homework on Sunday？ 10. Will she go to Shanghai next year？ 11. Will Tom wash his clothes tomorrow? 12. Mary isn’t here now；She will be back in an hour. 13. If I give him five books，he will be happy. 14. 特别注意：will是情态动词，其后面必须跟动词原形。如果，后面是副词
（back是副词），或者是形容词（happy是形容词），要在will后面加上be。
①肯定句：主语+ be going to do /主语+will+ 动词原形
②否定句：主语+ be not going to do /主语+ will not(won’t)+ 动词原形 ③疑问句：Be动词+主语+ going to do /Will+主语+ 动词原形 简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问 词who开头的疑问词除外）
----- Why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你为什么将要在这儿？） -----I will have a meeting on Sunday（我将要在周日举行一个聚会） （对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答）
一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改any, and改or，第一二人称互换
We are going to go on an outing this weekend.-------Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
被动句：will/shall+be+V.ed(及物动词过去分词） The letter will be sent tomorrow.这封信明天将寄出去
We shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。 shall 仅用于第一人称，will用于所有人称 will, be going to
be going to 主观计划、打算、安排
不宜用be going to 的情况： ①临时决定将要做 Someone is knocking the door, and I’ll open it.
②客观必然会发生的事 Tomorrow will be Sunday. 2. too…to…太…而不能… He is too young to join the army. too +adj./adv. (原级) + to +V. 原 有时可带由介词for引出的逻辑主语 The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. too…to…与so…that…之间的转换 that 后从句为否定式
主句主语和从句主语相同（主主从主相同）so…that 可用too…to He was too tired to walk on.= He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on.
主句主语和从句主语不一样（主主从主不同）so…that可用too…for sb. to… The bag is too heavy for her to move.=The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it. too…to…有时可与mot…enough to… 互换 She is too young to go to school.
= She is so young that she can’t go to school. =She is not old enough to go to school.
The train travelled ______ fast for us to see much outside the window. A. quite B. very C. too D. so
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
1. 一般将来时的构成 “助动词will + 动词原形” 人称 第一人称 第二人称 肯定式 I/We will go You will go 否定式 I/We will not go You will not go 疑问式 Shall I/we go Will you go 第三人称 He/She/It/They will He/She/It/They will Will he/she/it/they go not go go He will get married. 他就快结婚了 [1] 。 She will have a daughter.她就会有个女儿了。 The cat will have a master.猫要有主人了
there be 句型的一般将来时
There will be 是there be 的一般将来时 结构：“There will be + 主+ 其他” “There is/are going to be +主+ 其他” There will be more flowers.
There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 否定句 一般疑问 肯定回答 否定回答 There won’t be more cars in the future. --Will there be more cars in the future? --Yes, there will. --No, there won’t.
The TV news reports that there _______ a storm the day after tomorrow. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 2. a few (肯) 一些；几个 few (否) 几乎没有 a little （肯）一点 little (否) 几乎没有
There will not/won’t be +主… Will there be +主… Yes, there will. No，there won’t. He’s lived here for a long time but has few friends.
He’s lived here for a short time but has already had a few friends. 3. It takes + 时间+ to do sth.
It takes/ took/ will take sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一段时间做某事 It took us half an hour to cook dinner. 4. hundred/thousand 与数字连用，用单数 I have two hundred and thirty-five books.
hundreds/thousands of 不与具体数字连用，表示不确定的数时 “大量；许多；数百计的；成百的”“成千上万的；数千计的” There are hundreds of books on the desk.
In our hometown, ________ villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A. two hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. two hundreds 5. cost, take, pay, spend
①cost sth. costs /cost sb.+ 钱数 A new computer costs me a lot of money. ②It takes/took(sb.) some time to do sth. It took them three years to build this road. ③sb. pays/paid some money for sth. I paid fifty yuan for the coat.
④sb. spends/spent some money/time on sth./in doing sth.
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.=I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
1. cut up切碎 cut off切断 cut in 插嘴 cut out 删除，减去 cut in line 插队 cut down 砍倒，缩减 cut …into…把…切成… Let’s cut two bananas up first.= Let’s cut up two bananas first.
2. turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
Please turn on/off the light. turn up 调大 He turned up the radio. turn down 调小
The TV is too loud. Please turn it down. 3. one more 另外一个
--How many more stamps do you want? --Four more please.
基数词+more “再多几个” another+基数词+名词 I shall stay another five months. He decided to have one more try. She’s going to have another baby.
--Ms. Wang, I’m afraid I can’t finish the work in two days. --Don’t worry. I’ll give you _____ days.
A. two another B. two more C. more two D. two many 4. forget
①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做sth. （未做） The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. ②forget doing sth. 忘记做过sth. （已做） I forget closing the door.我忘记已经关上门了
--Sam, don’t forget _______ the book to the library tomorrow. --OK, I won’t.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
5.
可数名词的修饰词a, an, 基数词 many many apples a few a few students few few people 不可数名词修饰词 much much rain/oil a little a little water little little meat
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词
lots of= a lot of 许多；大量 some 一些（肯定句）
6. 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，主语是第二人称，通常省略
V型祈使句： 行为动词开头 Listen to me, please. B型祈使句： be开头 Be quiet, please.
L型祈使句：let 开头 Let me help you. Let’s go home! N型祈使句：No photos! No smoking!
P 型祈使句：Please sit down.= Sit down, please. D型祈使句：“don’t + V原”开头 Don’t talk in class.
Unit 9 Can you come to my party ?
1. 情态动词can表邀请
Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, I’d love to.
Sure, but I must tell my mother first. Oh, but I have to prepare for my English test.
Can she go to the baseball game?
No, she’s not available. She must go to the doctor. （in hospital住院 in the hospital 在医院） --Can you come to my birthday party tonight? --_______. But I must tell my father first. A. I am sorry, I can’t B. Sure, I’d love to C. That’s too bad D. No, I don’t know 2. too much, much too, too many ①too much “太多”修饰不可数名词 There isn’t too much food in the house.
②much too “（实在/简直）太…”修饰形容词或副词 The coat is much too large.
③too many “太多”修饰可数名词复数 There are too many students in the playground.
My cousin is ____C__heavy because he often eats _________ fast food. A. too much; too many B. too many; too much C. much too; too much D. too much; much too 3. remember
①remember me to sb. 代我问候某人 Remember me to your parents.
②remember to do sth. 记得去做sth. （事情还未做） Remember to give him the book.
③remember doing sth. 记得做过sth. （事情已经做过） I remember giving him the book.
--Jack, remember _________ off the lights when ______ your bedroom. --OK, I won’t forget, mom.
A. turning; leaving B. to turn; leave
C. turning; left D. to turn; leaving
4. turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请（turn down =refuse 拒绝） It’s too noisy. Please turn it down. 调低 turn up 出现，开大 5. so that
①引导目的状从 “以便，为了”，从句常用can/could/may/might等情态动词 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
②引导结果状从，“因此，所以”，从句一般不用can和may等词，so that 前可用逗号
He got up late so that he missed the early bus.
We should learn English well __so__that__ we can tell Chinese stories to the world. ③ so…that… 如此…以至于…
When the football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out. 6. look forward to doing sth.期待做sth. to是介词 I look forward to seeing you again. He looks forward to your letters.
hear from “收到（某人的）信，电话等” I heard from my pen pal last week.
I miss my family very much. I am looking forward to ______ them. A. writing down B. hear from C. hearing from D. write down 7. accept, receive
accept “接受”主观上愿意接受
receive “收到”客观上收到或拿到，但不包含接受者本人是否“接受”的意思
She accepted a present from her friend. I received a letter from my sister last week.
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you will have a great time!
1. if 引导条件状语从句 主将从现 “假如，如果” If you’re free, we’ll go shopping next Sunday. If he goes to the party, he’ll have a great time.
if “是否” 引导宾从 其同义词是whether I don’t know if Tom will come here tomorrow. 2.建议 名词
advice 不可数 “劝告，建议” 可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of 修饰 a piece of advice two pieces of advice
3. unless “如果不…, 除非…”
unless引导条件状从相当于 if条件状从的否定形式，即unless=if…not unless引导的条件状从， if引导的条件状从，时间状从 都用 “主将从现” unless引导条件状从，一般不用于虚拟条件句 if可引导条件状从或非真实（或虚拟）条件句
4. advise 及物动词 “建议” advise doing sth.建议做sth. He advised leaving early.
advise sb. to do sth. 建议sb.做sth. The doctor advised me to take a rest.
advise sb. against doing sth. 劝告sb.不要做sth. He advised her against going out.
advise sb. of sth. 通知或告知某人有情况 Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. advice,information不可数 suggestion可数
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