讲解内容：七年级下Unit3 主讲教师：周琼忠
Unit 3 How do you go to school？
A 知识讲解
一、交通方式的表达法
1. take/ride+限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词）+交通工具。 如：take a / the ropeway; take his / her / my car ; ride his bike 2. in / on+限定词+交通工具。on a bus / bike / train. in his car/ taxi. 3. by+交通工具。如：by / boat (sea, ship) / plane (air) on foot 步行 4. 动词+ to+地点名词，常用的动词有walk, run, ride, drive, fly等。 He _____ ____ _______ ________(想骑车去)his friend’s home. My mother often ______ _____ _____.步行去上班。 Mr. King______ _____ _____.跑步去上班。
注意：动词后若直接接地点副词（here, there, home），介词to要省略。 She______ _____ (步行回家)from work every day. 二、how long, how far, how often的区别
1. how long 时间多久，主要对一段时间提问 (for+一段时间，half+一段时间，three days, four weeks等)。
A：_____ ______ will he stay呆 here? B：About two weeks.(划线提问) ___ ___does it take to get to Beijing from here? About ten hours. (划线提问) 提问单个事物本身的长度，与距离无关。A：How long is the ruler?
2. how far询问两地之间的距离，在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点，答语常用It’s…meters/kilometers/miles/表距离的常见短语有five kilometers, ten minutes’ walk 10分钟的步行路程, three hours’ ride 3小时的车程等。
___ ______ is your home from school?It is about ten minutes’ walk. (划线提问)
3. how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语提问 (如always, usually, often,
sometimes, never, three times a day / week / month /year, 以every开头构成的短语等)。 A：____ ___ does he come here? 他(每隔)多久来这儿一次? B：Often. 三、take 1.“买下” 。I will take the T-shirt for 20 yuan.
2.“拿，带到”。 _____the soccer ball ____the classroom. 3.“乘坐”。 take the subway
4. “花费”。常用于it takes ( sb.) some time to do sth. 花费（某人）多少时间做某事。 ____________________________________.步行到这花费我10分钟。
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5. 花费 take , spend, pay ,cost
It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有时态变化,过去式took,） Sb. spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth.
I spend about 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework every day. 我每天花大约三个小时做作业。
Sb. pay money for sth 物 cost sb. time/ money. 四. ride 1. ride动词I ride my bike to school. = I go to school ____ ___ 2. ride名词。The bus ride(坐公交车) takes about 20 minutes.
The bus ride is never boring, because I always talk with my classmates . 五.辨析： be far from, away from, from ..to .
1. far from, 离…远 My school is far from my home.
2. 具体路程+(away) from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. 3. from…to…从…到It’s 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. 六. hundred
1. hundred数词， “百”，表具体几百: “数字+hundred单数形式”。 同类 thousand, million
eg: About six (hundred) people are waiting for the hero’s coming 2. hundreds of “数百的，成百上千的”表不确定的数量，后接名词的复数。 eg: There are （hundred）of students on the playground. Thousands of“成千上万的”，millions of“上百万的”
More than(多于)nine （百）students are doing sports now 七. every day与everyday
every day “每天”，名词短语，作状语We go to school ________ _____.每天 everyday形容词，“日常的”，作定语,
everyday life日常生活；everyday English日常英语。
八. Every形容词,“每个的”,做定语，every 短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy in our class ______（like）soccer. 九. Sure 的用法
1. Sure形容词， “确实的，确信的”
(1) 常用结构be sure to do sth”确定做某事。
(2) 他一定会回来的。He be back soon.
(2) be sure of sth“确信，有把握” I his coming. 2. Sure 做副词， “一定，当然”常用于口语，＝of course/OK 十. Live 的用法 Live不及物动词， “居住”常加介词in + 地点
Eg: Where do they live? They live in Beijing.
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Unit 3 How do you go to school？
B 知识讲解
一. Stop 用法：
1. C， 作名词，意为“停止; 逗留，车站”等。
(1)我想在下一站下车I_____ __get off at_____ _____. . (2)我家和公园之间有三个站点儿。
There ______ ________ ______ ___________my home_______ the park. (3)He slowed the car almost to a stop. 他放慢车速，车几乎停住了。 2. v. “停止，终止”(1) stop to do sth. 停下来再做某事 让我们停下休息一会吧。Let’s ______to have a rest.
(2) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Stop talking. 停止说话。 二. Think of 的用法：后跟名词、代词、动名词等形式。
1. think of 在这里意为觉得。think of 也可意为“想起，考虑”
What do you ______ ____ this book? = ____ do you ____this book?(觉得) 2. I can’t think of his name. ( ) 3. think 的其他常用短语
(1). think about 意为“考虑” think of 当“考虑, 对……有某种看法”讲时可以和think about互换。 I am thinking about this question.
They’re thinking about（of）buying a new car．他们正在考虑买一辆新车。 What do you think of（about）the film? 你认为那部影片怎么样？ 三. cross
1. cross v. “横过，越过”，从表面上横过。
They______ ___ ______(过河) every day. Cross the road, you will see the store. 2. cross n.“十字架，十字形饰物；画十字的动作”。 3. 拓展：across和cross的区别
这两个词都是“横越, 横跨，横穿”的意思，但是cross是动词可以单独作谓语；但是across是介词，需要和动词一起构成谓语。 They cross the street to go to school every day.
=They walk across the street to go to school every day. They help the students go across the river. = They help the students cross the river. 他们帮助学生过河。
四. 11-year-old “数词-单数名词-形容词”结构，相当于形容词，可做定语修饰后面的名词， 比较： “数词 + 名词 + 形容词”结构常做表语，其中名词的单复数取决于其前的数词。 这座桥八百米长。The bridge is______ _______long.
=It’s ____ _________________________bridge.
a ______________10岁的boy a__________ walk 一段三英里 五. It’s +adj. ...+to do三个句型
1、It’s + adj. + to do sth “做某事是…的”,it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式(to do sth ) 2、It’s + adj. + for sb to do sth.句型
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如果形容词是描述某事物对某人的影响，则用It’s + adj. + for sb to do sth. 句型中adj 多用important（重要的）, necessary（必要的）, impossible（不可能的）, easy, difficult, hard, bad等。
3、It’s + adj + of sb to do sth句型
当前面的形容词是描述人的性格品质时，用 It’s + adj + of sb to do sth 多用 clever, good, nice, kind, right, wrong, foolish 等。 练习：
（1）说英语很容易。_______________________________________-. （2）你在英语上帮我的忙，你真好。
It’s kind ____ you to help me with my English.
（3）吃太多的垃圾食品对你有害It’ __________________too much junk food. （4） It’s interesting _____us_______ (do) this. 六. . no
1. no用于引导否定的答语，意为“不”。
—No, I don’t. 不，我不喜欢。 —No, I can’t. 不，我不会。
2）no 置于可数名词单数前面时，相当于 not a; 放在可数名词复数前面或不可数名词前时，相当于 not any；意为“完全不，根本不”。 There are no (=not any) computers in that small village.
Kate is no teacher.(=Kate is not a teacher.) 凯特（根本）不是教师。 七. afraid表语形容词 “害怕的, 恐惧的”
1. afraid of sth. / sb.怕某事/某人___ you ______ ___ ____? 你害怕狗吗? 2. afraid of v -ing 怕做某事I’m afraid of _______告诉her. 3. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
He is afraid to _____a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。 4. be afraid that后跟一个完整的句子，意为“担心/恐怕……”。相当于“I’m sorry, but…”。用于提出异议，说出令人不快的事实,拒绝对方的要求等,使语气委婉。 I am afraid I can’t help you. 恐怕我帮不了你。
I'm afraid I don't understand. 抱歉，我不明白你的意思。
I’m afraid you are wrong. (You are wrong, I’m afraid.) 恐怕你错了。 5. 在口语中I’m afraid so 和I’m afraid not常用作简略答语。 －Is it going to rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗?
－I’m afraid so. 恐怕会。－I’m afraid not. 恐怕不会。
八. many, much
1. Many+C 复数，如：Look! There are many _____(bus) over there. 2. many of + C 复数, “……中的许多”的含义， some of + C 复数, “……中的一些”的含义， Many of the students are not in the classroom.
3. Much+U I don’t have ____ _____ __ ____breakfast太多的时间吃早饭 4. lots of＝a lot of 后面接可数名词和不可数名词均可
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九. 宾语从句的复合句
Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.
主句 宾语从句(陈述语序)
I don’t know what time Miss Gao gets home every day. She knows ice-cream is not good for her, but it taste good. 十. There be句型（某处存在某物或某人）
1. “ There is +不可数名词/可数名词单数+地点状语.” There ___not a bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. How much milk___ _______in the cup? 2. “ There are +可数名词复数+地点状语.” There ___ ________ __ _______ dancing after dinner.晚饭后，有数百人在跳舞。
3. 注意：当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词的数要与跟它最近的那个词的数保持一致。
There____ a teacher and many students in our classroom. There _____two boys and a girl under the tree. There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______days are there in a week?
十一. run表示“液体的流动”，在不同的语境下分别有不同的用法和含义。 The river _____ into the sea. 这条河流入大海。 Your nose is running, Jack. Do you have a cold? 杰克，你在流鼻涕。是不是感冒了？
十二. Between… and … 在…与…之间between介词，表示在两者之间。 在图书馆和俱乐部之间有一个公交车站。
There is a bus stop___________________________.
十三. come true “实现, 应验,成为现实”等，表示梦想、愿望等的实现。 Your dream will come true. 你的梦想会成真的。 His words really come true. 他的话真的应验了。
2. 比较：realize 和 come true都有“实现(理想／愿望等)”之意。realize常用于sb. realize sth.主语是人。come true主语常是“理想、愿望”等. His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
He realizes his dream of becoming a teacher. 他当教师的理想实现了。 十四. like
1. 像,作介词，不是动词。反义词是unlike
My teacher is like a mother to me.我的老师对我就像妈妈一样
我的父母对我就像朋友一样My parents ____ ______my friends_____ ____. 2. “look like”时，意为“看起来与……相像”。
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The baby is like his mother. 这个小婴儿长得像他妈妈。 He ______ _____ a teacher. 他看上去像个老师。
3. like 作动词， “喜欢，想要”，反义词是dislike或hate。 Jane _____(like)history very much.（动词)
My father ______ _________ _____(喜欢看电视)after supper.
She likes doing her homework after supper, but today she likes to watch TV. 十五. dream
1. dream动词， “做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”
She ______ a good ______ every night. 她每晚都做美梦。
I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。 I dream of becoming a teacher. 我渴望成为一名教师。 2. dream 名词，“梦，愿望，心愿”等。 ______________________________你的愿望变成了现实。 十六. leave v. 离开
1. The train will leave in a second.
2. “leave for + 地点”表示“动身去某地” He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 3. “leave+ 地点 + for + 地点”表示“离开某地去某地” Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
How is your uncle leaving Wenling for Hangzhou? 十七. have/has to do sth.不得不做某事
我得起早床。_______________________.
她不得不快速完成家庭作业。She ____ ___ finish her homework. He has to finish his homework quickly 十八. ① 到达： get to = arrive in/ at = reach +地点， 但是遇到here/ there/ home时无介词 十九. thanks for 的用法：
1.“因……而感激”，for 介词，后加n./v-ing形式，表示感激的内容或原因 Thanks for your _____. Thanks for ________ me.(help) 2. thank sb for …意为“因….而感激某人”
Uni t 3 单元练习题
一．单项选择。
1.It _______ them about half an hour to get to school every day. A. spends
B. costs
C. pays
D. takes
2. It takes ________ two hours ________ his homework . A. he, to do B. him, do C. him, to do 3. His brother ___________ to school.
A. take the subway B. takes the subway C. by subway
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4. — What do you ______ Beijing? — It’s very beautiful.
A. think of B. think C. like 5. It’s not easy ______ to school for many students in the village. A.get B. to get C.getting 6. He is an ____________ boy
. A.11-year-old B. 11-years-old C. 11 years old 7. There _______ a very big river between their school and the village. A. has B. is C. have 8. It is their dream_________ a bridge.
A. have B. has C. to have 9. _______ does Mary get to school? She takes the taxi to school. A. What B. How C. When 10. _______ is the train station? About 3 kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How long 11. _______ does it take her to walk to school? 15 minutes.
A. How often B. How far C. How long 12.It's about ten__________walk from here. A、minutes'
B、minute's
C、minutes'
D、minute of
13.My sister always takes the train__________home. A、in
B、on
C、/
D、at
14.Look! There is _______ over there. Do you know him? A. a 8-year-old boy C. a 8-years old boy
B. an 8-year-old boy
D. an 8-years old boy
15. —How far is your teacher’s home from here? —It’s about two _______ drive. A. hour’s
B. hours
C. hours’
D. hour
16. How does she _______ Shanghai? A. reaches
B. arrive at
C. get to
D. gets
二．句型转换。
1. Tom takes the train to school. (对画线部分提问) _______ does Tom get to school?
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2. I live 10 miles from school. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ do you live from school?
3. His factory is 5 miles from his home.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________is his factory from his home?
4. My mother usually takes the bus to work.（改为否定句） My mother________ ________ ________ the bus to work. 5. I usually spend three hours doing my homework.（改为同义句） It usually ________ me three hours ________ ________ my homework. 6. Most of them go to school on the bus in the morning. 同义句转换 Most of them go to school ______ ______ in the morning. 7. Miss Li often take a train to Qingdao. 同义句转换 Miss Li often ______ to Qingdao ______ ______. 三. ．用词的适当形式填空。
1. About five ________(hundred) students in our school go to school by bike. 2. The hamburger is not _________(health) food. 3. Many of the ________ (student) never leave the village. 4. There are_________(hundred) of people in the cinema.
5. He says his bike is broken, so he ________ (have) to go to school by bus. 6. It often ________ (take) her 3 hours to play sports. 7. I love my teacher. He is ________ (like) a father to me. 四.选词填空。
1. There is _______ ( no, not) bridge on the river. 2. I can swim _______ (cross, across) the river. 3. she is a_______ (9-year-old, 9-years-old) girl.
4. She is _______ (dislike, unlike) her mother. She is tall, but her mother is short. 5. She never ______ (thinks over, thinks of) before she does something. 6. He is ______ (a, an) 18-year-old boy. 8. Do you go by bus _______ (and, or) by bike?
9. Do you usually _______ (take a subway, take the subway) to go to school? 10. _______ (For, To) many students, it is easy to get to school.
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