第三讲： 代词

第三讲：常考专题 代词

一、人称代词

1.人称代词的主格、宾格，表格如下： 数 人称 格 主格 宾格 一 I me 单数 二 you you 三 She, he, it her , him , it 一 we us 复数 二 you you 三 they them 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。 I love my country. She is a good student.

人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。

I don’t know her. His mother is waiting for him outside. — Who is it? — It’s me. 3. 人称代词的语序

几个人称代词并列充当主语时，他们的顺序是：

单数形式（二、三、一） you, he and I 复数形式（一、二、三） we, you and they 二、物主代词

1. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，表格如下： 数 人称 词义 类型 形容词性 名词性

2. 形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。 His parents are both office workers. My name is Jack

3. 名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 — This is my dictionary. Where is yours? — It’s over there, on the bed. My idea is quite different from hers. 4. 名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。

He is a friend of mine. (我的一个朋友)

三、反身代词

1. 反身代词的单复数形式表格如下： 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself我自己 Yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 复数 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 他们自己 themselves 她们自己

单数 一 我的 my mine 二 你的 your yours 他的 his his 三 她的 her hers 它的 its its 一 我们的 our ours 复数 二 你们的 your yours 三 他们的 their theirs

itself它自己

它们自己 2. 反身代词的用法

The little boy is too young to look after himself. (作宾语) I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party. (作宾语)

The children made model planes themselves. (作同位语) Please help yourself to some fish. (作宾语) 3. 反身代词的常用词组

teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴

help oneself to 随便吃…… come to oneself 苏醒 hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自

四、指示代词

1. 指示代词表格如下： 单数 复数 this that that those 2. 指示代词的用法 （1） this / these ① 近指。This is my pen. These are my books. ② 指下文要提到的事。Please remember this: No pains, no gains. (2) that / those ① 远指。That’s her bike. ②. 指前面刚刚提到过的事 He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school. 3. 打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方。

This is Mike speaking. 我是麦克。 Who’s that? 你是谁？

五、疑问代词的用法。

疑问代词 who whom whose 主要用法 作主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后） who的宾格形式，作宾语 who的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语、定语 what询问某人的职业 what / who who 询问某人的身份、姓名 what / which what指不定数目中的“哪一个，那一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定 which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物 例句 Who wants to go with me? Who are you talking? Whom are you talking? / To whom are you talking? Whose book is this? — What’s your father? — He is a worker. — Who is the boy under the tree? — He is Li Ming. — Who is the boy under the tree? — He is Li Ming. What would you like?  课堂练习

一、用适当的代词填空。

1. I make ______ (they, their, theirs, them) for workers. 2. The factory is very near ______ (I , my, me, mine) house. 3. What does ______ (Mr Green, Mr Green’s )do?

4. I want to buy ______ (some, any) food for supper this evening. 5. Sorry, you can’t have ______ (some, any) eggs.

6. It sells _____ (lot of, much, a lot of) things.

7. In the evening, I do ______ (your, my, his, her) homework. 8. How _____ (much, many) does it cost?

9. He has a new book, I have ______ (it, one, that), too.

10. Mother bought many oranges and gave the children two ______ (every, each, either).

11.－Can you come next Monday or Tuesday? －____ (Either, Neither, Each, Both) day is OK. 12.－ How many pandas did you see? －_____ (No one, None, Not many). 13. ______ (I, you and he, You, he and I) are good friends. 二．单项选择

1. He asked three men Bob, Joe, and ______ to be ready. A. I B. herself C. me D. himself 2. ______ have known each other for ten years.

A. He and I B. I and He C. He and you D. I and you 3. Listen to ______ sister! A. she and she’s B. she and her C. her and she D. her and her 4. You’ve dropped your pencil. ______.

A. Pick up it B. Pick it up C. Take up it D. Bring it up 5. She is as tall as ____.

A. him B. her C. himself D. she 6. What’s that girl? ________.

A. It’s a student B. She’s student C. She’s a student D. She’s a student girl 7. Jack gave _______.

A. to her the flowers B. the flowers to hers C. her the flowers D. hers the flowers 8. Their parents are ________ teachers. A. both B. all C. either D. neither 9. This room is ________ in the building. A. bigger than any other one B. biggest than any other one C. bigger than any one D. the biggest than any other one 10. I have four brothers. One is in Shanghai, but _______ are in Shenyang. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

常考点清单二

一、普通不定代词及复合不定代词

1. 初中阶段常用普通不定代词表格如下： some, any many, much each, every few, little either, neither both , all none, one, other 2. 普通不定代词的用法 （1）some与any

Some 与any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。 There aren’t any students in the classroom. — Would you like some coffee?— Yes, please.

(2) many与 much

Many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how 连用。much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度so, too, as, how连用。

There are too many mistakes in your exercises. He never eats so much breakfast. He has got too much work to do. (3) either与 neither

Either指两个之中其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。常构成固定搭配 either / neither of +名（代）词的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；当either…or… 和neither…nor…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of the books is good. Either you or I am going to America. (4) both 与all

both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都” Both she and I are students. Both plans are good.

All of us should go there. They all agree to stay here. (5) each 与every

each和 every都表示“每一个”之意，each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。

There are trees on each side of the road. Each student passed the exam. Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. (二) 复合不定代词 somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事 anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事 nobody 没有人 no one 没有人 nothing 没有东西 everybody 每个人 everyone 每人 everything 每件事 Do you have anything special to tell me today?你今天有什么特别的事告诉我吗？ Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。 — Is there anything in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗？— No, there is nothing. 没有，什么也没有。 注意：

1. 当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词如everything, anything, nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it. Everybody is here, aren’t they? 大家都在这，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？

2. 当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。

Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you. 小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。

We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？

3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用。

I would like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福

Everyone / every one likes Mary. 大家都喜欢玛丽。

I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。 She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the sink. 我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒进水池子里去了。 二、代词it的用法

1. 指代前面提到过的事物。This is not my book. It is Jim’s.

2. 用来代替指示代词this 或that — What’s this?— It’s a pencil.

3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is. 4. 指时间或季节。— What’s the time now?— It’s ten o’clock. 5. 表天气。— What’s the weather like today?— It’s sunny. 6. 表距离How far is it from your school to your home? 7. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：

(1) It is+ adj. + ( for sb.) to do sth. It is important for us to work hard.

(2) It’s time to do / for / that… It’s time to get up / for lunch / that we go home. (3) It seems that … 看起来好像……

(4) It’s one’s turn to do … 轮到某人做…… It’s your turn to sing. (5) It’s + adj. + that 从句

8. 作形式宾语Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?

9. 引导强调句型“It is / was +被强调部分+that / who / whom+ 其它成分”。 It is our hope that our city becomes more and more beautiful.

三、it, one, that作代词时的区别

1. it特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。

The book is mine. It’s very interesting. 这本书是我的，它很有趣。 2. one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。 — Who has a pen? 谁有钢笔？— I have one. 我有一支。

3. that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

易混点清单

一、both; all; either; any; neither ; none 两者 三者（以上） 二、little; a little; few; a few

肯定 否定 可数 a few（有一些） few（几乎没有） 不可数 a little（有一点儿） little （几乎没有） 都 both all 任何 either any 都不 neither none Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? There is little left. 托尼，可以给我买些盐吗？已经快

没有了。

He has so little money that he can’t afford the work. 他的钱太少了，买不起这本书。 三、other; the other; others; the others; another

不定代词 other 意义 另外的 用法说明 只做定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等时，则可与单数名词连用

the other others the others another 两者中另一个 泛指别的人或物 特指其余的人或物 任何一个，另一个 常与 连用，构成“one…,the other… ”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部” 是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…, others… 是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词  课堂练习 一、用all 和both填空。

1. of us went to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday. 2. Tom and his father are at work now. 二、选择填空。

1. Jim is new, but he has ______ friends here. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 2. Hurry up, there is ______ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 3. There is ______ sheep on the hill. Can you see it? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 三、用other，the other，others，the others和another填空。 1. He is taller than any student in his class. He is taller than in his class.

He is taller than students in his class.

2. Some students like pop music while don’t in their school. 3. I want some books besides this dictionary.

四、家庭作业

1. —When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? —______ is OK. I’m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither

2. Julie enjoys listening to music very much. She often says to me that ______ is more interesting than music. A. nothing B. something C. everything 3. —Who is singing in the next room?—______ must be Marie. A. It B. She C. This D. There 4. The machines made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan. A. ones B. that C. those D. it 5. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ______? —In Shanghai. Do you want to have ______ like this? A. it; one B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one 6. — Harbin is really a beautiful city and there’re many places of interest. — So it is. Why not stay here for ______ two days?

A. other B. others C. another D. more 7. — What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? — I made it by ______.

A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself 8. — ______ are you talking about? — The Olympic Games in Beijing.

A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where 9. — What a hot day! Have you had a drink? — Yes. But I’d like to have ______ after work. A. it B. one C. other D. another 10. Money is important in my life. But it isn’t ______ to me.

A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 11. Yesterday was Dad’s birthday. I gave ______ a scarf as a present. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 11. — The box looks so big. Can I help you?— No, thanks. ______ in it. It’s empty. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Anything D. Something 12. — ______ is your maths teacher? — The one in red.

A. What B. Where C. Which D. How 13. There are many trees on ______ side of the river. A. both B. either C. all D. every 14. — Is there ______ in today’s newspaper?

— Yes. Shenzhou VI will be sent up into space in the near future.

A. nothing new B. new nothing C. anything new D. new anything

15. — Which would you like, a cup of coffee or a glass of milk? — ______, thanks. I think I’ll just have a glass of water.

A. Neither B. Either C. Nothing D. None 16. — Mum, may I have some cakes? — Sorry, there’s ______ left in the box. I’ll go and buy some for you tonight.

A. nothing B. no one C. no D. none 17. — When shall we start, today or tomorrow? — ______ is OK. You decide!

A. Neither B. Every C. Either D. Each 18. ______ of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help.

A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None 19. My mother finds ______ great fun to learn to drive a car.

A. it B. this C. that D. what 20. ______ of the three businessmen knew about the document because it was kept a secret. A. None B. Neither C. Any D. Each 21. — Carl, why not go and help your sister water the flowers there?

— Why ______? I’m busy myself. Jack is lying on the grass doing nothing.

A. me B. I C. him D. he