Devotional 虔诚的 Ritualistic 仪式的 Robust adj健康的
Bits n 二进制数字 Back up 支持；援助v Cataract n白内障 Curator n 屏障 Circus n马戏团 Precursor n 先驱 Sensibility n敏感 Squirrel-tail 松鼠尾巴 Narrative n叙述
Masterpiece n大师之作
1-5 段落matching
1.D 对应：painters have always used technical back-up------studio assistants to do the boring bits, cameras lucida and obscure.... Boring bits 无聊的二进制 back-up=help.
2. In the 19th century, life-casting was to sculpture what photography was to painting; and both were viewed as cheating short-cuts by the senior arts.......for many life-casting was an insult to the sculptor’s creative gesture=figure’s mask
3.G 对应：Barthes proclaimed the death of the author the liberation of the text from authorial intention, and the consequent empowerment of the reader The liberation of the text=author matters in art 4.H 对应：what counts is the surviving object and our living response to it. The tests are simple: does it interest the eye, excite the brain, move the mind to refection, and involve the heart; is an apparent level of skill involved? 其实就是对art 的评价
5.F the initial impact is on the eye, in the contradiction between unexpected size and extreme verisimilitude. The initial impact =depiction of earlier work
6-11判断题
6. Art changes over time, what is art changes, too.=the definition of art
7. Their virtues-of speed and unwavering realism-also implied their limitations; they left little for no room for the imagination. 8.NG 9.
10.while apparently lesser crafts involve great skills, thought, preparation, choice and ----depending how we define it---imagination.=requires lots of skills.
11.Each new art movement implies a reassessment of what has gone before; what is done now alters what was done before. In some cases, this is merely self-serving, with the new art using the old to justify itself implies a reassessment=reacquaint
12-13选择题
12.对应在F段: the initial impact is on the eye, in the contradiction between unexpected size and extreme verisimilitude (逼真的事物)= size and realism 13.’’
Multitasking Debate 背景词汇：
Bottleneck n瓶颈；障碍物 Devise n 设计
Sticking adj 坚持的；有粘性的 Dual adj双的 Circuit n回路 Brainpower n智能
Scans n网络系统；自动控制系统
14-18(段落信息Matching)
14.F段 Selecting a response to one of these things will delay by some tenths of ability to respond to the Others. This called the ‘response selection bottleneck’ theory, first proposed in 1952 15......studies how aging affects our cognitive abilities
16.’if you show an image and play a sound at the same time , one task is postponed’
Show an image and Play a sound=visual and audio elements Simultaneously=at the same time
17. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate it
18. He has written papers with titles like ‘Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual task performance’ dual task=multitasking 说其优点=favor
19-21（选择题）
19.they have to press a key with their index finger different colored circles require presses from different fingers 20. 21.
22-26（TFNG）
22.The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens
23.Aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other and they will fail to spot the differences 24.NG 25.NG
26.It is not all bad news for over 55s,though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from practice.
Save endangered language拯救濒危语言 背景词汇 Shudder n发抖 Aboriginal n土著人民 Portolio 公文包 Reinvigorate n复兴
Multimedia archive n多媒体档案 Recruitment n出现 Preschooler n学龄前儿童 Multilingualism 多语的adj Immoral act 不道德行为
27-32 heading
27.A 1990 survey in Australia found that 70 of the 90 surviving aboriginal languages were no longer used regularly by all age groups
28.The wider the portfolio of languages you study, the more likely you are to get the right answer. 29.1.teach young relative their native tongue;2 Ford foundation reinvigorate a master-appointment program.3create a multimedia archive(档案)
30. Twenty years ago in New Zeal-and, Maori speakers set up language nests,’
31.one factor that always seems to occur in the demise of a language is that the speakers begin to have collective doubts about the usefulness of language loyalty 都是一些消极的词汇
32.The first step in saving dying languages is to persuade the world’s majorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices=solution of ....
33-38( 人物信息matching)
33.对应在D段It’s too early to call this language revitalization. In California the death rate of elderly speakers will always be greater than the recruitment rate of young speakers.
现象：年轻 speakers出现的速度小于老年speakers死去的速度--------But at least we prolong the survival of the language prolong=extend
34.对应在E段 A similar approach was tried in Hawaii, with some success -----the number of native speakers has stabilized .....
35.对应在A段 MK sent a shudder through the discipline of linguistic, with his prediction that half the 6000 or so languages spoken in the world would cease to be uttered within a century cease to ....停止
36.对应在A段 eight languages on which he had fieldwork had since passed into extinction. 37.对应在C段 A similar foundation in England......raised just $8,000=funding.
38.对应在C段 But there isn’t any such effort organized in the profession. It is only recently that it has become fashionable enough to work on endangered languages
39-40(选择)
39.The Ford Foundation has also edged into the arena. Its contributions helped to reinvigorate a master apprentice program.....Fluent speakers receive$3,000 to tech a younger relative.....
40.The first step in saving dying languages is to persuade the world’s majorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices.
Tolerant to minority language speakers=allow minorities to speak with their......
Roller Coaster 过山车 背景词汇：
Thrill n刺激
Engine n 发动机 Motor n 发动机 Coaster cars n过山车 Gear n 变速器 Belt n安全带
Waxed adj防水的；上过蜡的 Steam engine n蒸汽发动机 Wheel n轮子 Sled n雪橇 Layout n布局
Evolution n 进化论
Gravitation n万有引力 Loop n环；圈 Detach v分离
同义替换： 1-4填空
1-2 The traditional lifting mechanism is a long length of chain running up the hill under the track. The chain is fastened in a loop.
Long line of-_____-=long length of______ Be connected firmly to______= be fastened
3-4 .....which is wound around a gear at the top of the hill and another on e at the bottom of the hill Is turned by a simple motor.
At the bottom of the hill=under the hill turned by a simple motor=powered by ______
5-10(summary)
5.the direct ancestors of roller coasters were monumental ice slides----long steep wooden slides covered in ice, some as high as 70 feet. Be wrapped up by______=be covered in
6.a few entrepreneurial Frenchmen imported the ice slide idea to France Modified to______=imported _____to France
7.The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice=the temperature 8.eventually adding wheels to the sleds = _____was installed
9.it was originally used to transport coal from the top of Mount Pisgah to the bottom of Mount Jefferson.
Transport=send
10.A steam engine would haul passengers to the top of the mountain Allowed riders to slide downward back again
11-14(TFNG)
11.The most expensive ----------文中只提到了 tallest and fastest
12.The French continued to expand on this idea, coming up with more complex track layouts, with multiple cars and all sorts of twists and turns----------------innovation
13. Because of its immediate popularity , it soon became strictly a passenger train ,.
14.All over the America 对应在F段： Depression gave a crushing blow to amusement parks all over America
Mammmoth kill
背景词汇
Mammoth n 猛犸象 Matriarch n女统治者 Camel n 骆驼 Beaver n 海狸
Megafaunal n 巨型动物 Menagerie n 兽群；动物园 Mammal n 哺乳动物 Hyper lethal n 疾病 Empirical n经验主义
Vulnerable n 易受攻击的 Habitat n 栖息地 Proponent n 支持者 Extinction n 灭绝 Vermin n 寄生虫 Hitchhiking 搭乘adj
同义替换
15-16
定位1960S emerged in 1960s=began from 1960s
17定位Macphee empirical evidence：Macphee does not have empirical evidence for the hyper-disease hypothesis and it won’t be easy to come by.
19定位Pleistocene :increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranged death sentence for large animals.
20定位F段： the final major fluctuation---the so-called Younger Dryas event----pushed them over the edge. Wipe them out= push them over
人物信息配对
21和23、Alory：对应C段：Alroy determined that.....50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a yean humans could have eliminated the animal population within 1,000 years. Large mammals .... Disappear=eliminate
22定位在E段第三行：but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyper-lethal disease perhaps though their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, =indirect impact.
24、定位在E段 （22下面）repeated outbreaks of a hyperdisease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return=die out of large mammals
25、定位在D段：Relevant archaeological record=several fossil record specific criticism e=doubt raised
26、定位在F段：climate change ----young Dyras event -------Grham
由于本篇文章提到了关于对于猛犸象之死的三个假说，三个名字分别对应一种观点，所以在选择时注意分类 人物信息配对把握：
Alory------关于打猎over-hunting的假说 Macgee----主要支持Illness的假说
Graham---------关于 Climate变化的假说
The Fruit Book 背景词汇： Log 伐木 Logger 伐木工 Caboelos Uxi Piquia trees Copaiba
27-32(段落信息matching) 27.
28.preface 前言--------The second edition was produced at the request of politicians in western Amazonian.
29. The rural worker’s Union wanted to know whether harvesting wild fruits would make economic sense in the Rio Capim
30. Shanley’s work on the book began a decade ago, with a plea for help from the Rural Workers’ Union of Pragominas,......
31.After three logging sales and a major fire in 1997, the researchers were also able to study the ecosystem’s reaction to logging and disturbance
32. The first print ran to only 3,000 copies,but the fruit book has been remarkably influential.
33-40
33.34.E段 forest fruit had.....;fiber use also..... 35.F段： under uxi， four species weighing 38 kg
36.G段： Fruiting patterns of trees such as uxi were unpredictable,
37.This showed that piguia trees to loggers for a few dollars made little sense.
38.Sth that is often ignored in much of the current research on NTFPs, which tends to focus on their commercial potential
39. This is not to say that wild fruit trees were unimportant. On the contrary,....They are critical for subsistence
The history of Automobile
背景词汇：
Automobile n机动车 Internal adj内部的
Combustion n 燃料；氧化 Transportation n交通运输 Manufacture v制造 Production-line生产线
Interchangeable adj.可交换的；可互换的Social Status n社会地位 Energy crisis n 能源危机 Consolidation n巩固；合并 Suspension 悬浮；暂停；停职 Prototype 原型；标准 Sedan n轿车
Conquer v征服；克服 Fuel n 燃料 Emission n 尾气 Hydrogen n氢
Muscle cars n肌肉车
同义替换
14-18 人物信息matching
14、对应在H段：the biggest developments in Post-war era.....the hottest technologies of the 1960s were NSU’s Wankel engine...
15、对应在D段第2行：this was facilitated by Henry Ford 1914 who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second 16、对应在F段中间：BMC’s revolutionary space-saving Mini,....
17、对应在B段第4行:Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. 18、对应在G段第五行：full-size sedans staged a major comeback in the years between the energy crisis, with makes such as Cadillac and Lincoln
19-25问答题
19、对应在A段：the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared.....
20、对应在C段第五行：the cars were soon to become each individual’s status. 21、对应在D段：括号信息中（requiring 12.5 man-hours before, i hour 33 minutes after）
22、对应在H段：Mazda had much success with its ‘Rotary’ engine which, however, acquired a reputation as a polluting gas-guzzler. Oil crisis=negative term
23、对应在H段（23题下面）put their designs in to production after the 1973 oil crisis
24、对应在I段第二行：Once the automobile emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with computerized engine management system=application of engine management system
25、对应在J段第二行：both fuels are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming=is responsible to the pollution and global warming
Refrigerator 背景词汇：
Inverse effect adj反作用
Radiator n 散热器；暖气片；辐射体 Microprocess n微观过程 Phonon 声子
同义替换： 信息matching 27-31
27、对应在C段：Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film.
28、对应在D段 最后一句：Inter, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The pentium 4---the last ingle-core desktop processor-------locked up 3.2 billion cycles a second 29、对应在G段：Rama Venkatasuramanian, of Nextreme .....claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators taht can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hot-spots.
30、对应在G段：Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Sanl Cruz, says his are even smaller----so small that they can go inside the chip 31、对应在H段：IBM’s research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel
判断：32-35
32、对应在B段最后一句：Apply an appropraie current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.
33、对应在C段：Dr. Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridge and air conditioners..the real money , though , may be in cooling computers.
34、对应在D段：logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat generates. 35、NG
37-40 summary
38、对应在C段第三行：he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded
39、对应在F段第一句：one way out this may be a second curious physical phenomenon the thermoelectric effect. 37、40、对应在H段第一句：The last word computer cooling though may go to a system even less technology than a heat pump------a miniature version of a car radiator
Children’ s Literature 背景词汇：
Pincushion n 针垫 Condemn v谴责；惩罚
Instructive and uplifting adj令人开心的 Tribute n礼物 Empathize v移情 Maturity n成熟 Sternest moralist 道德学家 Folklore n民俗学 Pirated v翻印
表格填空： 1-5
1、对应在B段：Its contents ---------rhymes, stories, children’ s games plus a free gift
3、对应在D段：early 19th century interest in folklore. Both nursery rhymes selected by James Orchard Halliwell for a folklore society in 1842
4、对应在D段：and collection of fairy-stories by the scholarly Grimm brother. 5、对应在F段：the final apotheosis of literary childhood as something to be protected came with the arrival in the late 1930s ...... Described children who were always free to have the most unlikely adventures
6-8人物信息matching
6、对应在B段：In Britain, a London merchant named Thomas Boreham produced Cajanus, the Swedish Giant, in 1742
7、对应在C段：Mrs. Sarah Trimmer, whose magazines The Guardian of Education carried the first regular reviews of children ’s books. It was she who condemned fairy-tales for their violence and general absurdity
8、对应在D段：.......soon rocket to popularity with the young, quickly leading to new editions,, each one more child-centered than the last
9-13 判断题 9、
10、对应在C段：Sarah Trimmer whose magazine .....carried the first regular reviews of children’s books. It was she who condemned fairy-tales for their violence and general absurdity. 11、NG
12、对应在G段：but it was so popular among childdren and adults //// 13、对应在G段：often no consensus is reached whether a given work is best categorized a s adult or children ‘s literature and many books are marketed for both adults and children
Origin of Species and continent formation 背景词汇：
Terrain n 地形
Ingenious theory n有独创性的理论 Super-continent Multicellular life
Distinguished adj. 著名的 Evolutionary n进化 Topographical 地质的 Radiation n辐射；发光 Landmass 大陆
Withering skin 干枯的皮肤；畏缩的皮肤 Wrinkles n皱纹
Upper crust 上面的外壳
同义替换：
人物信息matching 14-18
14、对应在C段：Lyell and Hooker explained to the distinguished members how these two gentlemen (who were absent: Wallace was abroad and Darwin chose not to attend), had “independently and unknown to one another, conceived the same very ingenious theory” 15、对应在G段：Eduard Suess, theorized that as the rigid Earth cools, its upper crust shrinks and wrinkles like the withering skin of an aging apple.=physical feature of Earth’ crust
16、对应在F段：Wegener concluded that the then broadly accepted “land bridge” theory could not account for this distribution of animals and that only his theory of continental drift could explain
17、对应在F段： Wallace also showed that Australian marsupials and monotremes are clearly related to those in South America, the Moluccas, and monotremes are clearly related to those in South America, the Moluccas , and various Pacific islands, and that none are found in neighboring Indonesia.
18、对应在C段：Darwin had been documenting his ideas on natural selection for many years when he received a paper
19-21 段落信息matching
19、对应在B段：why do some species die and some live? The answer is clearly that on the whole the best fitted lived. 20、对应在E段：Initially he assigned its flora-fauna to the Australian side of the line, but later he transferred it to the Asian side.
21、对应在F段：Wallace had shown that animals long established in southwestern Australia had an affinity with those in Asia
22-26
Summary22-26
22、对应在G段：the theory that Wegener dismissed in preference to his own proposed that plants and animals had once migrated across now submerged.
23、对应在G段：its upper crust shrinks and wrinkles like the withering skin of an aging apple. He suggested that the planet’s seas and oceans now fill the wrinkles between once-contiguous plateaus
24、对应在H段：we know that we live on a dynamic Earth with shifting colliding and separating tectonic plates, not a withering skin
25、26、对应在H段：dispersalism versus vicarianism
Memory and Age 背景词汇
人物信息matching+summary+选择 27-30
27、对应在B段：Neural networks=blood circulation of brain 28、对应在A段：continuous interaction between level of body and mental activity=link between physical and mental activity
29、对应F段： Every memory begins as an event, says Bahrick Through repetition, certain events leave behind a residue of knowledge.
30、对应在D段：Significant differences it brains.
In the enriched environment=diverse environment
31-36 填空summary
31、对应在E段：one of the most profoundly important mental functions is memory-notorious flor its failure with age.
32、由Bararick定位到E段：cognitive and psychological test
33、对位在E段：calls semantic memory. Events conversations, and occurrences in times and space, on the other hand,
34、对应在F段：our language knowledge, our knowledge of the world and of people, is largely that permanent or semipermanent residue.
35、对应在F段：surprisingly, a person’s grasp of algebra at the time of testing did ..... 36、对应在G段：more than half=60% vocabulary(he learned)
选择：
37、对应在C段：strategy =tactic 策略 more efficient than younger counterparts 38、对应在D段
39、对应在H段：the organization of chess knowledge is better organised than that of the adults 40、对应在H段：Crystallized intelligence about one’s occupation apparently does not decline at all until at least age 75
Going bananas 背景词汇：
填空+人物信息matching +判断 14-16填空
14、对应在A段：the first edible banana was discovered around ten thousand years ago. 15、对应在A段：it was first propagated in the jungles of south east Asia at the end of the last ice age.
16、对应在A段最后一句：it lacks the genetic diversity of fight off pests and diseases.
17=23 人物信息matching
17、对应在C段：when some pest or disease comes along, severe epidemics can occur. Some pests or disease=severe epidemics
18、对应在Ｆ段：we supported a breeding programme for 40 years, but it wasn’t able to develop an alternative to Cavendish. It was very expensive and we got nothing back.
19、对应在D段：once the fungus gets into the soil it remains there for many years. There is nothing can do even chemical spraying won’t get rid of it.
20、对应在E段：as soon as you bring in a new fungicide, they develop resistance, says Prison,”one thing we can be sure of is that the Sigatoka won’t lose in this battle ” Generate resistance to chemical sprays=develop resistance as soon as...
21、对应在E段：Most of the banana fields in Arnazonia have already been destroyed by the disease. A vast number of banana plantations=most of the banana fields.
22、对应在H段：Biotechnology is extremely and serous questions about consumer acceptance. 23、对应有B段：it holds a lesson for other crops, too.
24-26 判断题
24、NG
25、对应在D段：dominated the world’s commercial banana business.
26、对应在E段：Half a billion people in Asia and Africa depend on bananas. Bananas provide the largest source of calories and are eaten daily.
Tulip bubble hurts in Holland
段落信息matching + TFNG+ summary
27-31 matching 27
28、对应在D段：in 1559----the flower had enchanted the Persians and bewitched the rulers of the ottoman Empire
对应在E段：Holland in the early 17th century was embarking on its Golden Age. 29、对应在B段：offered 3000 guilders for one bulb 30、对应在G段：tulp 可以被sold off---------
31、对应在F段：how different tulips were from every other flowers
32-36判断
32、对应在B段：the Amsterdam man who owned the only dozen specimes was offered 3,000guilders for on bulb. the only dozen 和all the Tulips不相符 33、对应在D段：the Dutch were not the first to go gaga over the tulip. Long before the first tulip bloomed in Europe--------in Bavaria. 34、对应在D段：it was Holland, however, that the passion for tulips found its most fertile ground, for reasons that had little to do with horticulture.
35、NG
36、对应在I段：Even at its height , the Amsterdam Stock exchange, well-established in 1630, wouldn’t touch tulips.
37、Summary in the early 17th century was embarking on its golden Age. Resources that had just a few years earlier gone toward fighting for independence from Spain now flowed into. 38 Amsterdam merchants were at the center of the lucrative east indies trade...
39、they displayed their success by erecting grand estates surrounded by flower gardens. 40、Around 1630, however, a new type of tulip fancier appeared, lured by tales of fat profits
Bright children 背景词汇： Outfit n机构 Nominate 推荐v Prodigy 奇迹n Eschew v避开 Ditch v丢弃 Egalitarian adj.平等主义
同义替换： 1-5判断题
1、对应在B段第一句：America has long held”talent searches”, using test results and teacher recommendations to select children for advanced school courses, summer schools and other extra tuitions 2、对应在D段第一句：in Britain, there is a broadly similar belief in the existence of innate talent, but also an egalitarian sentiment which makes people queasy about the idea of investing resources in grooming intelligence.
3、对应在G段：Most state education in Britain is normally non-selective, but middle-class parents try to live near the best schools. Ambitious Japanese parents have made private, out of school tuition a thriving business. 4、NG
5、对应在G段：like Japan and Finland----can eschew selection and still thrive. But that does not mean that any country can ditch selection and do as well. 6、对应在H段：but she was the only one who did not
7-8选择题
7、对应在A段：Geniuses are made, not born.=geniuses can b e educated later on 8、根据文章中心：practice makes genius.=Geniuses are made, not born
9-13 matching
9、对应在F段：And in Japan there is a widespread belief that all children are born with the same innate abilities----and should therefore be treated alike.
10、对应在F段：In China, extra teaching is provided, but to a self-selected bunch children’s palaces in big cities offer a huge range of after-school classes. 11、对应在E段：In Scandinavia, a belief in virtues like modesty and social solidarity makes people flinch from the idea of treating brainy children differently. 12、对应在D段：there is a broadly similar belief in the existence of innate talent, but also an egalitarian sentiment which makes people queasy about the idea of investing resources in grooming intelligence.
13、
Longaeva: Ancient Bristlecone Pine 背景词汇：
同义替换：
段落信息matching1-4：
1、H段：Historically the bristlecone’s remote location and gnarled wood have deterred commercial extraction.
2、B段：perhaps most interested in the bristlecone pine are dendochronologists or tree-ring daters. 后面就又紧接着写each bristlecone grows and forms.....; growing seasons may expand or shrink,the trees carry on .....
3、C段：Now more than ever the importance of monitoring the brislecone is being realized........they have left us natural recordings of the past, markers of the present, and clues to the future.
4、A段：conditions here are brutal:scant precipitation and low average temperatures mean a short growing season, only intensified by ferocious wind and mal nutritious rocky soil=survived in cruel environment
5-7选择题： 5、对应在A段：but exactly how old is it ? Sprouted before the invention of Egyptian hieroglyphs and long before the teachings of jesus of Nazareth Dethuselah is the oldest-alive at roughly 4,700 years 6、对应在A段：Evolving here in this harsh environment, super -adapted and without much competition, brislecones have earned their seat on the longevity throne by becoming the oldest living trees on the planet.
对应在C段：since the rings of wood formed each year reveal the trees’ response to climatic conditions during a particular growing seasons in their persistence,/as our global climate continues to undergo its most recent and abrupt atmospheric change.
Summary 8-13
8、对应在D段：this adaptation helps the bristleecone photosynthesize during particularly brutal months, saving the energy of constant needle replacement and providing a stable supply of chlorophyll
9、对应在D段：they are first reproduced when trees reach ages between thirty and seventy-five years old.Germination rates are generally high, in par because seeds require little to no initial stratification.
10、对应在D段：this condition occurs as a result of cambium die-back.....leaving only narrow bands of bark intact
11、对应在E段：combined with the dry, windy and often freezing mountain air.... 12、对应在E段：the absence of natural disaster has also safeguarded the brislecone’s lengthy life span.due to a lack of ground cover vegetation and an evenly spaced layout.
13、对应在F段：the peaks south of the Owens valley, are higher up than they might appear from a distance
Biology of bitterness
27-34段落信息matching
27、B段：It is possible, however, to get the goodness of grapefruit juice without the bitter taste.I found that out by paricipating in a test conducted at the liguagen corporation.....
28、H段：a number of food-makers have already begun to experiment with AMP in their products, and other bitter blockers are being developed by rival firms such as Senomyx in La Jolla 29、C段：they defend plants by warning animals away and protect animals by letting them know when a plant may be poisonous. 30、E段：
31、F段：They tried AMP, an organic compound found in breast milk and other substances, which is created as cells break down food.AHP has no bitterness of its own but when put in foods.
32、G段：In time, some taste researcher believe, compounds like AMP will help make processed foods less unhealthy.
33、A段：Naringi, a natural chemical compound found in grapefruit, tastes bitter.=bitterness introduced from a fruit.
34、D段：people have varying capacities for tasting bitterness, and the differences appear to be genetic.
35-38 summary
35、对应在A段：Naringi, a natural chemical compound found in grapefruit, tastes bitter.=bitterness introduced from a fruit. 36、对应在C段：they defend plants by warning animals away and protect animals by letting them know when a plant may be poisonous. 37、38、对应在D段：Those who are sensitive to Phenylthiocarbamide seem to be less likely than others to eat cruciferous vegetables, according to Stephen Wooding, a geneticaist at the University
39-40选择题
39、对应在F段：AHP has no bitterness of its own but when put in foods.=offsets bitter flavor in food.
40、对应在E段：The G protein involved in the perception of bitterness, sweetness and umami was identified in the early 1990s by linguagen’s founder
California’s Age of Mega-fires 背景词汇
同义替换： 1-6 summary 1、对应在A段：generally are hotter, move faster, and spread more erratically than in the past=compared with before
2、对应在B段：the short-term explanation is that the region, ..... ,has had nine inches less rain than normal this year.
3、4、对应在C段：longer term, climate change across the west is leading to hotter days or average and longer fire seasons.
5、对应在C段：megafires, also called”siege fires”,are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500,000 acres or more---10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago.
6、对应在C段：the unintentional consequence was to halt the natural eradicatioin of underbrush, now the primary fuel for megafires.
7-9 选择题
7、对应在D段：so many fronts to fight, it becomes an almost incredible job.
8、对应在H段：Governor Schwarzenegger also directed 2,300 inmate firefighters and 170 custody staff from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to work hand in hand with state and local firefighters 9、对应在J段： taking up residence at a Hampton Inn 30 miles south of his home in Rancho Bernardo.
10-13判断题：
10、对应在D段：where population growth has pushed into such areas....what once was open space is now residential homes providing fuel to make fires burn with greater intensity. 11、NG
12、对应在F段：fireflghters unions that then complained of diapidated quipment, old fire engines,and insufficient blueprints for the fire safety are now praising the state’s commitment
13、对应在G段：in the fire sieges of earlier years, we found out that we had the willingness of mutual-aid help from other jurisdictions and states,but we were not able to communicate adequately with them.
Who do babies know 背景词汇
同义替换：
14-18 补全对话matching 14、
What dreams are made of 背景词汇
同义替换
27-31 段落信息matching
27、对应在E段：as a result, he gets no REM sleep and doesn’t remember any dream....he’s a lawyer, a painter and the editor of a puzzle column in a popular Israeli newspaper.
28、对应在F段：the mystery of REM sleep is that even though it may not be essential it is ubiqitoud----at least mammals and birds
29、对应在A段：Thousands of years ago, dreams were seen as messages from the gods and in many cultures, they are still considered prophetic....sick people slept at the temples of Asclepius, the god of medicine in order to receive dreams that would heal them
30、对应在D段：Scientists using PET and fMRI technology to watch the dreaming brain have found that one the most active areas during REM is the limbic system which controls our emotions
31、对应在G段：dreams provide clues to the nature of more serious mental illness.=usefulness
32-34选择题
32、对应在A段：sick people slept at the temples of Asclepius, the god of medicine in order to receive dreams that would heal them
33、对应在D段：much less active is the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with logical thinking,
34、对应在F段：one thing that’s unique about mammals and birds is that they regulate body temperature.
35-40 人物信息matching
35、对应在D段：Eric Nofzingger, figure out thorny problems in their dreams. 36、对应在E段：Peretz Lavic has been observing a patient named Yuval Chamtzani, who was injured by a fragment of shrapnel taht penetrated his brain when he was 19. 37、对应在F段：Rem sleep is filling a basic physiological function and that dreams are a kind of epiphenomenon
38、对应在G段：dreams are a back door into a patient’s thinking.
39、对应在A段：exploring these hidden emotion s though analysis could help cure mental illness
40、对应在C段：believes that dreams are essential random
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