大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷283(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷283 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the picture, give relevant examples, and then explain what you will do to solve the problem. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

正确答案： As is portrayed in the picture, humans’ living space is declining in modern cities with the high-rises springing up. On the top of a glass-and-steel high building, four athletes are competing with each other in a long-distance running race, who are surrounded by stretches of skyscrapers. The race is special in that all the runners could only run on the running machines due to the limited activity space of urban residents. More examples could serve as proofs of the serious problem. The expansion of urban construction narrows down open space, leaving city-dwellers fewer opportunities to appreciate colorful natural landscape. Moreover, the ecosystem has been lashed with the development of modern cities. The modern world is deprived of joy for the lack of birds’ tweet. The only way out is to carry out the strategy of sustainable development Firstly, it is time to increase the investment of landscape design and construction in order to increase the rate of urban landscaping. Secondly, environment-friendly architectures and transportation systems could be promoted to build a sustainable society.

解析： 这是一篇图画作文，要求考生描述图画的内容，举例说明并提出相应的解决问题的方法。根据题目要求，文章的结构可以安排如下： 第一段：描述图画内容，说明这种现象的原因。 第二段：列举相关的实例分析。 第三段：提出建议：实施城市可持续发展计划。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: I was working on a paper about the differences between women and men. I have been thinking about it all these days, but no satisfactory results come out M: Ah, you may not realize you’re working on a complicated philosophical issue.W: I know exactly that men and women are different. They sometimes don’t understand each other at all. M: I agree. Men and women are interested in different topics when they are talking. Last weekend, John and I went to a ball game. When

we’re at the game, we talked about the players and what’s going on in the game and nothing else. I think women wouldn’t do that. W: You bet! Yesterday, a friend and I sat at a cafe and talked about nothing, and everything! Urn... about my sister’s new baby... and about when she could go back to work... and you know, who should take care of the baby... things like that. M: When a woman talks with a man,[3]she’ll often feel as though he wasn’t really listening or that he wasn’t really having a conversation, right? W: Yeah, that sounds very familiar to me.M: And I think a man doesn’t understand what the woman really wants from him. W: I guess he probably wonders “what’s her point?”, “where’s this conversation going?” M: To speak from experience, for a man, talking is generally more straightforward—it’s about giving and getting facts. Men generally don’t base their friendships on talking, but on doing—getting together with buddies, playing sports or hanging out. W: Well, for me, a best friend is someone I can be close with and talk to. I can talk with her in detail about everyday events in our lives. We share feelings and secrets. This offers a chance to better understand our world and ourselves.1 What is the woman doing recently?2 What will men probably talk about in a ball game?3 How does a woman probably feel in a conversation with a man?4 According to the woman, what role does touting play in women’s friendship?

2．

A．Looking for a person to talk to.

B．Working on a troublemaking talking. C．Trying to understand the two genders.

D．Trying to understand friendship between women.

正确答案：C

解析：①选项形式均为doing，可以预测问题是问某人在做什么。②对话刚开始，女士就说明了自己在写一篇关于男女差异的文章。C的two genders“两性”是原文women和men的概括，为答案。

3．

A．Their favorite players. B．Their careers. C．Their family. D．Their recent life.

正确答案：A

解析：男士提到男女在谈话方面的差异时，举了例子——在球赛中，他们的谈话内容会围绕运动员和比赛进程，别无其他。A“他们喜欢的球员”与对话内容相符，为答案。

4．

A．Enthusiastic. B．Doubtful. C．Peaceful.

D．Cautious.

正确答案：B

解析：①选项均为表达情绪、感受的形容词，话题又是男女之间的比较，故应注意描述各自感受的细节。②男士说：“当女性与男性谈话时，她们常常觉得男士们好像没有真正在听，或者男士们没有认真地在交谈”。可见，女性在与男性交谈时会怀疑男性是否真的与她在交流，故选B。

5．

A．An effective tool to help form women’s friendship. B．A way to understand and appreciate friends.

C．An access that a woman can express her troubles.

D．An effective way to achieve something from women’s friends.

正确答案：A

解析：①选项为名词短语，中心词是tool、way等，说明是问某物的作用。②女士的最后一轮话说明了talking的作用：朋友就是可以拿来亲近和倾诉的，我可以跟她说今天发生的事，可以分享感受和秘密。可见A“帮助女性朋友建立友谊的有效手段”符合题意。

听力原文：W: Honey, could you come here for a second. We need to talk. My parents are coming to visit next week and I want to get this place clean. Besides, it is almost April and it is time for some spring cleaning anyway. M: I hate cleaning. Can’t we just tidy up a bit the night before your parents get here? W: No! This place is a pigsty! We can’t just tidy up the house. We need to do a deep cleaning. The upstairs is a disaster area. Let’s start by cleaning out your bedroom closet You have a lot of junk in there. M: My closet? Your parents aren’t even going to go in the closet. I say we wipe down the kitchen counter and maybe vacuum the rug in the living room. That’s all we need to do. W: No way. The house is trashed and I am too embarrassed to have my parents see it like this. You never pick up after yourself and the kids never do their chores. What happens is I end up doing all the cleaning.[8]Today you are going to do some of the dirty work. The upstairs toilet is blocked. I want you to fix that and clean the entire bathroom with bleach. Make sure to air it out when you are done. Nobody likes that bleach smell. M: That sounds horrible! What are you going to do? W: I’m going to pick up all of the dirty clothes in the kid’s room and do the wash. I will come upstairs in one hour to check on you M: OK. I’ll get started upstairs.W: Now that is the right attitude! You are such a great husband. M: Yeah, yeah, yeah... Let’s just get this over with. I want to watch the game this afternoon at 4:00.5 What is the man’s attitude towards housework?6 What do we learn about the man’s bedroom closet?7 What does the woman say about the house?8 What does the man decide to do?

6．

A．Reluctant. B．Positive. C．Ambitious.

D．Indifferent.

正确答案：A

解析：①四个选项都是观点态度的词，推测此题问某人态度。②当女士要求男士做清洁时，男生说：“我讨厌打扫!”。可见男士的态度是不情愿的，选A。

7．

A．No one wants to look at the closet. B．The man has already cleaned it up. C．It has gradually become a trash can. D．It is occupied by lots of useless stuff.

正确答案：D

解析：女士谈到男士的衣柜时说：“从清理你的衣柜开始吧，里面装的都是些没用的东西(junk)”。D的useless stuff对应对话中的junk，故为答案。

8．

A．The stairs to upper floor are broken. B．The upstairs toilet is full of bleach smell. C．It should be entirely cleaned up.

D．It is often tidied up by the woman’s parents.

正确答案：C

解析：女士对房子的整洁很有意见，她认为“我们要做个大扫除(a deep cleaning)”，可知C是正确答案。

9．

A．Pick up dirty clothes. B．Fix the upstairs toilet. C．Watch the game. D．Do the wash.

正确答案：B

解析：①四个选项都是动词原形开头，判断此题询问计划或建议。②男士说他先打扫楼上，四个选项中只有B的upstairs toilet是在楼上的，而且女士也叫男士修理toilet，因此男士很可能会去清理洗手间，选B。

Section B

听力原文： The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.

Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country, depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In a developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences might be.[11]A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment, because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.9 What has long been a topic of discussion among economists?10 What is one of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program?11 What consequence may a decreasing birthrate result in?

10．

A．The merits and drawbacks of a large population. B．The disadvantages of a large population. C．The advantages of a small population. D．The rapidly growing world population.

正确答案：A

解析：短文首句说，“长久以来，人口众多的优势与劣势一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。”A中的merits对应文中的advantages，drawbacks对应disadvantages，故本题的答案为A。

11．

A．The level of education varies around the world.

B．The economists’ attitudes to population differ greatly. C．The living standard varies from country to country. D．The countries’ attitudes to population differ greatly.

正确答案：D

解析：短文提到，“执行全球范围的计划生育困难之一在于，事实上每个国家对人口增长的官方态度都是不同的”。D表达的正是此义，故为答案。

12．

A．Great pressure on housing. B．Rising demands of goods.

C．The prosperity of the building industry.

D．A declining market for manufactured goods.

正确答案：D

解析：短文提到，“下降中的出生率可能导致失业，因为它会导致制成品市场衰退。”因此，本题选D。

听力原文： Those who use solar energy help us save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says that’s all, that’s all. The only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, such as the sun. We won’t have to worry about the sun’s running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides being an endless source of energy, the use of the sun has other advantages as well. For example, the sun does not offer pollution as other energy sources. Furthermore, owners of solar homes will have extra protection against rising fuel costs. They will also have some protection against fuel shortage. When utility costs go up, owners of solar homes won’t have to face the burdens brought about by increased costs. With all these good points, why don’t we see more of solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for a home owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy around. Solar costs are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. And experts say that gas will triple in cost in the next few years. In fact, gas is in such short supply right now that, in some places, it is not sold to new customers. Some customers are even having their supplies cut back.12 What is the only way to delay hearing Mother Nature’s words about energy shortage?13 What will owners of solar homes not worry about?14 What is the biggest reason for not using more solar power now?15 How will the price of gas most be likely to change in the next few years according to experts?

13．

A．Rising fuel costs to limit the use of it. B．Saving energy and use other sources. C．Having protection against fuel shortage. D．Putting in a solar unit in every house.

正确答案：B

解析：短文提到，我们可以推迟听到那些话的唯一的方法就是，现在开始节省能源并使用其他能源，如太阳能。B符合文意。

14．

A．The disadvantages of solar energy. B．The pollution of other energy sources. C．The rising fuel costs and fuel shortage. D．The costs of solar energy system.

正确答案：C 解析：短文提到，“太阳能家庭”的业主们将不用担心不断上涨的能源费用，他们也不必担心能源匮乏。因此，本题选C。

15．

A．There is no space to put in solar units. B．It is decided by Mother Nature. C．It is not the right time to use it. D．It costs too much to use it.

正确答案：D

解析：说话者提到了太阳能的优势与好处，但紧接着话锋一转，说太阳能没有广泛推广是有很多原因的，最大的原因就是钱的问题。D表达的正是此意，故为本题答案。

16．

A．It will go up.

B．It will come down. C．It will go up and down. D．It will stay the same.

正确答案：A

解析：①由选项可知，本题问It在未来的发展趋势。It在此处指代的是the price of gas。②短文提到，专家们说在接下来的这些年里gas的价格会增至三倍(triple)之高。即其价格将上涨，因此本题选A。

Section C

听力原文：M: At every stage of our lives we make decisions that will profoundly influence the lives of the people we’re going to become, and then when we become those people, we’re not always thrilled with the decisions we made.W: So young people pay good money to get tattoos removed that teenagers paid good money to get. Mid-die-aged people rushed to divorce people who young adults rushed to marry. Older adults work hard to lose what middle-aged adults worked hard to gain. On and on and on. The question is, why do we make decisions that our future selves so often regret?M: I think one of the reasons—I’ll try to convince you today—is that we have a fundamental misconception about the power of time. Every one of you knows that the rate of change slows over the human lifespan, that your children seem to change by the minute but your parents seem to change by the year.W: But what is the name of this magical point in life where change suddenly goes from a gallop to a crawl? Is it teenage years? Is it middle age? Is it old age?M: The answer, it turns out, for most people, is now, wherever now happens to be. What I want to convince you today is that all of us are walking around with an illusion, an illusion that history, our personal history, has just come to an end, that we have just recently become the people that we were always meant to be and will be for the rest of our lives. Let me give you some data to back up that claim. So here’s a study of change in people’s personal values over time. Here are three values— pleasure, success and honesty. Everybody here

holds all of them, but you probably know that as you grow, as you age, the balance of these values shifts.W: So how does it do so?M: Well, we asked thousands of people. We asked half of them to predict for us how much their values would change in the next 10 years, and the. others to tell us how much their values had changed in the last 10 years. And this enabled us to do a really interesting kind of analysis, because it allowed us to compare the predictions of people, say, 18 years old, to the reports of people who were 28, and to do that kind of analysis throughout the lifespan.16 How do we feel about the decisions made at every stage of our lives?17 What accounts for people’s regret about their decisions according to the man?18 What do we learn about the three values mentioned by the man?

17．

A．We tend to be satisfied after a second thought. B．We are not always thrilled with them afterwards. C．We always regret the hasty ones we made.

D．We are mostly happy with whom we’ve become.

正确答案：B

解析：①选项都与我们对某事的感受有关。②录音开头，男士提到，我们在人生的每个阶段所做的决定都将对我们将来的人生有深刻的影响，但是，当我们变成自己想成为的人后，我们并不总是对之前的决定感到兴奋，B为该处录音的同义概括，故为正确答案。

18．

A．Their misconception about the power of time. B．Their ignorance about the rate of change in life. C．Their fantasy that the youth change more slowly. D．Their belief that adults change faster than babies.

正确答案：A 解析：①选项与我们对时间的感觉和变化有关。②男士认为导致我们经常为之前所做的决定后悔的其中一个原因是我们对时间的力量的错误理解，故A正确。

19．

A．They are of the same importance all through one’s life. B．They will not change at least in the next 10 years. C．The balance of them will shift as time goes by.

D．They change more in teenage years than in elder years.

正确答案：C 解析：①选项与某些事物的重要性及变化规律有关。②录音最后男士提到一项研究，该研究指出，每个人都有3个价值观，对这些价值观的重要性的权衡会随着你年龄的增长而变化，C与此相符，为正确答案。

听力原文： Grocery has so far resisted the rise of online shopping. That may be about to change. “There is a huge difference between being late and being too late,” said Dalton Philips, the boss of Morrisons, on November 21st, as he announced the launch of the British grocer’s online-shopping service. Morrisons’ change of heart will be noticed beyond Britain. Grocery is the biggest category in retailing but the most resistant to the advance of online shopping. Grocers have held back for good reasons. Like many physical-store merchants they are worried that online commerce will reduce sales in stores but not the costs associated with them. Grocery, with its tiny profit margins, adds complications. Virtual shopping-carts contain dozens of low-value items, which must be stored at different temperatures. Retailers can either get in-store staff to pick them off the shelves, which becomes disruptive as volumes rise, or build dedicated warehouses, which is costly. So are home deliveries: even in thickly settled Britain each one costs grocers around ￡10, but shoppers typically pay little more than ￡3. Consumers are also cautious. Many want to examine fresh produce before they buy it. “They don’t want to buy again when online grocers deliver substitutions instead of what they ordered. Many shoppers try grocery websites but get discouraged,” says David Shukri of the Institute of Grocery Distribution in London. However, Tesco claims its online operation, with nearly half the British market, is profitable. Peapod, the biggest American online grocer, has shown a flair for innovation: Peapod’s customers can buy by scanning images of products on delivery lorries and coffee cups with their mobile phones. Lazy Manhattan residents have been ordering Thanksgiving feasts from FreshDirect, the second-largest online grocer, which is partly owned by Morrisons. Both ventures prosper because they cater to well-off families, largely in cities. Amazon began fresh-food deliveries in Seattle a few years ago and in Los Angeles last year. It is expected to add maybe 20 cities abroad. Traditional grocery chains will respond. “They are determined not to repeat the mistakes other sorts of retailers made at the turn of the century, when they were too afraid of Amazon,” says Robert Hetu of Gartner, a technology-research firm. Walmart Labs in Silicon Valley has imported many of the people who developed the online-grocery business at its British subsidiary. On November 25th Walmart said that its new chief executive would be Doug McMillon, who as head of the international operation is responsible for its British subsidiary. He may speed Walmart’s halting American effort. If a big American retailer plunges in, others will take it seriously and the market will expand rapidly, says Mr. Biggs.19 What is the grocery’s attitude to online shopping?20 What is consumers’ attitude to online grocery shopping?21 What do we know about Tesco?22 How do the traditional grocery chains respond to online shopping?

20．

A．It will still resist online service for some time. B．It’s eager to launch online service soon. C．It might not resist online service anymore. D．It’s still hesitant about offering online service.

正确答案：C

解析：①从选项中的online service、resist、eager、hesitant等关键词来看，此题可能问针对网络服务的态度。②录音开头提到食品杂货店到目前为止一直抵制提供网购服务的态度可能将会改变，这说明他们可能不再抵制提供网购服务，故C正确。

21．

A．They are eager to try grocery websites. B．They are very cautious about trying it. C．They resist buying fresh produce online. D．They find it convenient and satisfactory.

正确答案：B 解析：录音提到食品杂货店不太愿意提供网购服务的原因。同时也提到了顾客对网购的顾虑，B与录音所说的Consumers are also cautious意思一致，为正确答案。

22．

A．It is the biggest American online grocer.

B．It can make a profit from its online operation. C．Its customers are mainly from Manhattan. D．It will do some innovation on online service.

正确答案：B

解析：录音提到食品杂货店提供网购服务能盈利的第一实例就是Tesco，它的网络服务覆盖了近半个英国市场，它也宣称它从中获得了盈利，故B正确。

23．

A．They are too afraid of Amazon to offer online-grocery service. B．They won’t take Walmart’s online-grocery business seriously. C．They are afraid the online shopping market will expand. D．They decide not to repeat the mistakes others have made.

正确答案：D 解析：录音提到传统杂货店也将准备提供网购服务，他们将不再重蹈世纪之交其他类型零售商的覆辙，不犯同样的错误，D为该处录音内容的同义表达，为正确答案。

听力原文： We’re going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone that’s had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, it’s a perfectly positively black world. And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn’t describe: these blinking lights—a world of lighting animals, like fireflies. Dr. Edith Widder—she’s now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association—was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals. That’s the light produced by animals. So, like I said:

just like fireflies. There’s a flying turkey under a tree. I’m a geologist by training. But I love that. And you see, some of the light they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. And a lot of what goes on inside. There’s a fish with glowing eyes. Just absolutely amazing. That’s the unknown world, and today we’ve only explored about 3 percent of what’s out there in the ocean. Already we’ve found the world’s highest mountains, the world’s deepest valleys, underwater lakes, and underwater waterfalls—a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place where we thought no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that we don’t know much about this planet at all. There’s still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises. But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing. This is an octopus—this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab—and it’s just fascinating how head-foot animals can, with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. Here’s an octopus moving across the reef, finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.23 What can we find in the deep sea according to the speaker?24 What is the function of the light produced by animals in the deep sea?25 Why does the speaker mention an octopus in the end?

24．

A．Nothing but the darkness. B．Fireflies blinking everywhere. C．A world of lighting animals. D．Wreckage of ancient ships.

正确答案：C 解析：录音开头演讲者提到深海中虽一片漆黑，我们却可能在那里找到最神秘的动物——大量会发光的动物，C为录音原词复现，为正确答案。

25．

A．To protect themselves or attract prey.

B．To make the deep sea bright and beautiful. C．To find their ways in darkness. D．To attract mates and warn enemies.

正确答案：A

解析：①选项都是不定式短语，推测本题可能问目的、用途或打算。②录音提到有些动物发出的光是用来避免被其他动物吃掉，而有些则用来吸引猎物，A是这两点的同义概述，故为正确答案。

26．

A．To explain its specialty and function.

B．To show shallow-water animals are also amazing. C．To explain how animals adapt to surroundings.

D．To call on people to protect sea animals.

正确答案：B

解析：①选项均为不定式短语，推测本题可能问目的、用途或打算。②演讲者介绍完深海发光动物后，以Octopus(章鱼)为例，希望大家知道浅海生物也同样令人惊叹，故B正确。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. Consider the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【C1】______to live shorter lives. This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 【C2】______in not being too bright. Intelligence, it turns out, is a high-priced【C3】______. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow off the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【C4】______process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to stop. Is there an adaptive value to limited intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【C5】______at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real costs of our own intelligence might be. This is on the【C6】______of every animal we’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【C7】______on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, for instance, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that if animals ran the labs, they would test us to【C8】______the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really for, not【C9】______how much of it there is. Above all, they would hope to study a【C10】______question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? So far the results are inconclusive.A)mind E)advantage I)aptly M)tendedB)fundamental F)happened J)overcome N)inclinationC)gradual G)spontaneous K)option O)performD)determine H)backward L)merely

27． 【C1】

正确答案：M

解析：主句缺少谓语动词，空格处应填动词，且可以与to搭配。词库中符合要求的有determine、happened和tended。上一句引出果蝇实验，本句介绍实验结论“通过训练变得更聪明的果蝇，其寿命______比普通果蝇短”，实验结果一般是客观的、带有规律性的，故用tended，tend to的意思是“倾向于；往往”。happen to“碰巧”和determine to“决心做……”都不合句意。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：E

解析：空格处应填入可数名词，来概括其后的not being too bright具有的特性。注意此处的bright一语双关，即可指灯泡不“明亮”．也可指人不那么“聪明”。由果绳实验可知，暗的灯泡更耐用，不聪明的人更长寿，这可以看作是一种“优势”，have an advantage in意为“在某方面具有优势”，故用advantage。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：K

解析：这里缺少名词，由high-priced修饰。根据后面的内容：它需要更好的保养、要燃烧更多的热量，而且起步慢……，词库中只有option“选择”在意思上符合。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：C

解析：空格处为插入语，填入形容词来说明learning是一个怎样的过程。由下文的instead of instinct可知，此处将学习过程与本能作对比：和“与生俱来”的本能不同，学习是后天的。gradual“逐渐的”符合学习过程循序渐进的特点。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：H

解析：首先要理解空格所在句的意思。后缀-wise表示“在……方面”，I．Q．-wise是个生造词，意为“在智力方面”。leave．．．in the dust指“远远超过”，we’ve left表明人类智商已经超越了那些物种，因此我们看它们的时候，就是“往回”看了，故用backward。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：A

解析：这里缺少名词，从结构来看该名词应与on the一起构成固定搭配。on the mind的意思是“担心，总是想着”，这句话表达的是“这是每一个我们所遇到的动物都在思索的问题”。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：O

解析：空格处应填入动词，作wonder后面的宾语从句中的谓语。从句子结构来看，what experiments其实是从句的宾语，还原语序之后为animals would——what experiments on humans。词库中只有perform可以与experiments搭配，意

为“做实验”。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：D 解析：根据空格前的to和其后的宾语the limits得知这里填入动词，表目的。再根据下句出现的They would tryto decide，推测填入的动词应与decide意思相近。determine“测定”符合句意。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：L

解析：这里不缺少谓语等主要成分，可以判断此空应填入副词。词库中可选择的副词有aptly和merely，前者意为“适当地”，后者意为“仅仅”。not merely是常用搭配，指“不仅仅……”，符合句意。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：B

解析：此处缺少修饰question的词，可以是名词、形容词或分词。Above all在这里表明了该句有递进和强调的语气，因此这里研究的question“问题”一定是比较重要的，fundamental符合句意。gradual和spontaneous在意思上说不通。

Section B

How to Duck Cabin Fevers and Other Aches on a Plane?[A]On the first leg of this season’s holiday travel tour, I had the delightful experience of watching my 20-month-old touch nearly every surface on our airplane, from numerous armrests and people we passed in the aisle to our fingerprint-stained window. As a somewhat uncontrollable germaphobe(洁癖), it took everything I had not to dip my son in hand sanitiztrr(消毒剂)and then physically restrain him. But I was flying alone with two children and he was happy eating those snacks off the floor, and so, for the sake of my fellow passengers, I let him handle pretty much anything he wanted. Hence, I wasn’t surprised when his nose started running shortly after we arrived at our destination, followed by the inevitable cough, which his older brother also picked up. Our “vacation” ended at a CVS Minute Clinic, with ear infections for both kids.[B]Coming down with a cold, cough or other illness after air travel is a common refrain, even from adults who don’t try to lick the seatback tray table. But is the plane really to blame? Not particularly, says aviation medicine specialist Mark Gendreau, vice chair of emergency medicine at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Mass. “You do have a higher risk of contracting a viral infection while traveling, but you have to remember that it’s really the door-to-door experience that’s exposing you to germs: the crowds on the subway to the airport, the escalator, the security line, getting on and off the aircraft,” he explains. “It’s almost impossible to say where, exactly, you get

sick.”[C]In fact, experts point out that the environment of a plane is probably less risky, health-wise, than many other crowded, confined spaces. Given airliners’ improved ventilation systems, germs aren’t being constantly circulated through the plane, stresses Gendreau. Instead, he says, you are most likely to pick up a bug from close contact with a sick person or by touching a surface that’s been coughed or sneezed on or otherwise contaminated, such as an armrest or an overhead bin lock.[D]Studies have shown that the highest risk of germ transmission on a plane, by far, comes from those around you, particularly those seated within two rows, says Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Healthy Travel at the Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore. “The closer the proximity and the longer the time you’re confined with someone in a closed compartment—and usually it’s at least a couple of hours—the better the chance of catching a cold,” he says.[E]Research published last May in the journal BMJ studied a packed, long-haul 747 flight from Los Angeles to New Zealand that had at least nine passengers who were later confirmed to have swine flu. Researchers found that the three additional travelers who appeared to have contracted the virus on the flight were all sitting within two rows of an infected person: that put the chance of transmission at 3.5 percent within two rows and roughly 1.9 percent for anyone in the same section of the plane.[F]”There’s no doubt that planes are pretty germy,” says Charles Gerba, a professor of microbiology at the University of Arizona who studies how diseases are transmitted in indoor environments. “There is no requirement or regulation for the cleaning and disinfection of airplanes—it’s up to individual airlines—and it just doesn’t get done regularly,” he said. The dirtiest spot on board? By far, the re-strooms, according to Gerba, who says that in the course of his research, he has identified E. coli bacteria on almost every toilet surface, with the worst offenders being sink handles and faucets, soap dispensers and door handles.[G]Of course, just because such germs are there doesn’t mean they’re a problem. “There is definitely an unpleasant factor, but it’s one thing to say there’s a virus or bacteria on a surface, and another thing for that to make you sick,” says Katherine Andrus, assistant general counsel for the Air Transport Association, a trade group representing major U.S. airlines. “Most of us, if we’re relatively healthy and have good immune systems, don’t have to worry that much about all of the surfaces in the world that may be contaminated.” She adds that frequent, proper hand washing goes a long way toward preventing illness in any crowded environment.[H]There are several other steps you can take. Zimring, author of “Healthy Travel: Don’t Travel Without It,” says it’s important get enough sleep, eat healthfully, exercise and get a flu shot to build up immunity before traveling. Gendreau suggests the following to stay healthy while flying:[I]Drink up. Proper hydration(水合作用)is critical to optimal immune function. Given that the relative humidity in a passenger cabin can be as low as 10 percent on long flights, it’s essential to drink as much water while in the air as possible: avoiding alcohol will help, too. Staying well hydrated can also help prevent mild altitude sickness, with symptoms such as headache, lightheadedness and nausea(恶心), which people often mistake for a post-flight cold or flu.[J]Pack a hand sanitizer. Soap and water do a great job, but the restroom’s sink handle, soap dispenser and doorknobs may be

contaminated with germs. So use alcohol-based sanitizer after leaving the re-stroom and throughout the rest of your flight. And think twice before you rub, scratch or otherwise pat your face during a flight: those simple acts can provide ample opportunity for the transmission of bacteria and viruses.[K]Be wary about that tray. Air carriers with flight turnover times of less than an hour do not routinely disinfect the trays or other surfaces such as the armrests and windows. So wipe them down with an alcohol-based sanitizer when you first take your seat.[L]Keep the air turned on at your seat. When people cough, sneeze or speak, they eject up to 30,000 droplets, which can travel several feet To rrdnimize the chance of infected droplets landing on you, turn your air vent to medium flow and position it so that the air current is directed just slightly in front of your face. That will help direct germs away from your eyes, nose and mouth.[M]As for me, I think I will run with my germaphobic tendencies from now on, forbidding floor snacks, using a great amount of sanitizer on both my children and wiping down our immediate surroundings as soon as we board. The travel might not be happier—for me or for my fellow passengers—but if it’s even slightly more healthful, I think it’s worth it.

37． It is pointed out that the infection possibility is closely related to the distance and the time spent with others in a closed compartment.

正确答案：D 解析：由题目中的infection possibility和in a closed compartment定位至D段。该段末句引用迈克尔．齐姆林的原话，指出在封闭的区域里，和别人距离越近，接近的时间越长，患感冒的可能性就越大。本题句子信息与此一致，题目中的is closely related to是原文比较句型the closer the proximity and the longer the time…the better the chance of的近义表达。

38． An aviation medicine specialist believes it’s impossible to identify where a passenger get infected.

正确答案：B 解析：根据题目中的aviation medicine specialist和impossible to identify定位到B段。在B段后半部分，航空医学专家Gendreau列举了很多可能感染病毒的地方，最后指出，要确认到底是在哪里感染了病毒是几乎不可能的。本题句子信息与此一致。

39． Because of my fellow passengers, I let my little son deal with anything he desired, even though I usually do not.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题目中的little son和my fellow passengers快速定位到A段。文中提到作者非常爱干净不喜欢自己儿子东摸西碰，但这次为了不影响到其他乘客，只得忍着不去孩子。题目中的because of与原文for the sake of对应，deal

with与原文handle对应。even though I used not to是对该段第2句as a somewhat uncontrollable germaphobe…的概括。

40． During flying, drinking enough water is of much significance for immune function to be in its best state.

正确答案：I

解析：由题目中的drinking water、immune function快速定位到I段。本段提到飞行过程中保持身体健康的方法之一：多喝水。本题句子与该段第2句对应，drinking enough water对应proper hydration，is of much significance对应is critical。

41． As it is not obligatory for airlines to clean the planes, planes undoubtedly abound with germs.

正确答案：F

解析：根据题目中的关键词clean the planes和abound with germs定位到F段。该段第1、2句提到，飞机上有很多细菌，因为没有明确的要求和规定对飞机的清洁、消毒。题目中的it is not obligatory是原文there is no requirement or regulation的近似表达，abound with germs对应原文pretty germy。本题句子概括该段第1、2句内容。

42． A study stated that the chance of transmission within two rows was 1.6 percent higher than in the same section of the plane.

正确答案：E

解析：根据chance of transmission within two rows和数字百分比定位到E段最后一句。原文列举两排以内距离的座位，病毒传播的几率大约为3．5％，同一机舱内大约为1．9%，由此可判断前者比一般情况的几率高出1．6％。

43． It would be better not to tap your face during a flight because it might help bacteria to transmit.

正确答案：J

解析：本题涉及旅行中预防感染的建议，先将定位范围缩小至I、J、K、L段。再根据not to tap your face定位到J段最后一句。原文提到，触碰、抓挠或轻拍脸部前要三思(think twice before you rub，scratch or otherwise pat your face during a flight)。本题句子与J段最后一句信息一致。

44． The existence of germs doesn’t necessarily mean that they will make you sick.

正确答案：G

解析：根据题目内容查找到G段。该段第1句就提到细菌存在不一定就存在问题，接下来Andrus又说but it’s one thing…and another thing…，即各种表面

上有细菌是一回事，但是你会感染细菌生病则是另一回事，本题句子概括了这两句话的意思想。

45． According to a university professor, restrooms are the dirtiest place on planes.

正确答案：F

解析：根据题目中的university professor和the dirtiest place定位到F段最后两句。文中提到，飞机上最脏的地方是哪里?根据Gerba的说法，是洗手间。本题句子信息与此一致。

46． It’s suggested that you use sanitizer to clean the armrests and windows the first time you take the seat.

正确答案：K

解析：本题涉及某个预防建议，先将定位范围缩小至I、J、K、L段。根据clean the armrests and windows定位到K段。原文提到，航空公司不会经常给桌板或窗户扶手之类的机舱表面消毒，所以在人座前最好先用酒精消毒剂擦拭(wipe them down)。本题句子信息源自该段。

Section C

Many who think they have food allergies(过敏)actually do not. A new report, commissioned by the federal government, finds the field is full of poorly done studies, misdiagnoses and tests that can give misleading results. While there is no doubt that people can be allergic to certain foods, the true incidence of food allergies is only about 8 percent for children and less than 5 percent for adults, said Dr. Marc Riedl, an author of the new paper and an allergist and immunologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. Yet about 30 percent of the population believe they have food allergies. And, Dr. Riedl said, about half the patients coming to his clinic because they had been told they had a food allergy did not really have one. Dr. Riedl does not dismiss the seriousness of some people’s responses to foods. But, he says, “That accounts for a small percentage of what people term ‘food allergies.’ “ Even people who had food allergies as children may not have them as adults. People often shed allergies, though no one knows why. And sometimes people develop food allergies as adults, again for unknown reasons. For their report, Dr. Riedl and his colleagues reviewed all the papers they could find on food allergies-more than 12,000 articles. In the end, only 72 met their criteria, which included having sufficient data for analysis and using more rigorous tests for allergic responses. “Everyone has a different definition” of a food allergy, said Dr. Jennifer J. Schneider Chafen, the lead author of the new report. People who receive a diagnosis after one of the two tests most often used— piercing the skin and injecting a tiny amount of the suspect food and looking in blood for IgE antibodies(抗体), the type associated with allergies—have less than a 50 percent chance of actually having a food allergy, the investigators

found. One way to see such a reaction is with what is called a food challenge, giving people a suspect food disguised so they do not know if they are eating it or a placebo(安慰剂)food. If the disguised food causes a reaction, the person has an allergy. But in practice, most doctors are reluctant to use food challenges, Dr. Riedl said. They believe the test to be time consuming, and worry about asking people to consume a food, like peanuts, that can elicit a frightening response. The paper, to be published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medical Association, is part of a large project organized by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to try to impose order on the chaos of food allergy testing. An expert panel will provide guidelines defining food allergies and giving criteria to diagnose and manage patients. They hope to have a final draft by the end of June.

47． The word “shed” in the 3rd paragraph means closest to “______”. A．fear

B．recover from C．develop D．suffer from

正确答案：B

解析：该段最后三句谈到了两个方面：shed allergies和develop allergies。倒数第3句谈及有些人在儿童时期对某些食物过敏，但到成年后就不再过敏了。按此思路，shed取“去除，摆脱”之义合适，recover from意为“恢复”，与之同义。本题应选B。

48． Dr. Riedl and his colleagues found that only 72 papers had______. A．carried out diverse tests B．recruited enough subjects C．studied allergic responses D．produced a valid conclusion

正确答案：D

解析：该句中which引导的定语从句对这72篇论文进行了解释。其中，sufficient date(充分数据)和rigorous tests(严谨的测试方法)等词都表明，这些论文的结论是有效的(valid conclusion)。因此，本题应选D。

49． The IgE antibodies are produced when______. A．the skin is pierced

B．the suspect food is injected C．there is an allergic reaction D．there is a diagnosis

正确答案：C 解析：该句中the type associated with allergies是对IgE antibodies的进一步解

释。可见，IgE这种抗体与过敏症有关，这也就是说，当人体发生过敏反应时，就会产生IgE抗体。因此，本题应选C。

50． What is mentioned as a disadvantage of food challenge? A．People are unaware of what they are eating. B．People may be given frightening food to eat. C．The food may cause life-threatening allergy. D．It takes much time to get the food prepared.

正确答案：C

解析：该句的frightening response表明有些食物可能会产生“可怕的过敏反应”，而这种“可怕的过敏反应”应该是指会危及病人健康甚至生命的反应(因为连医生都不愿意尝试)。由此可见，本题应选C。

51． The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases organized the project in order to ______.

A．regulate the diagnosis of food allergy

B．find the best measures against food allergy C．determine the size of allergic population D．research the factors for food allergy

正确答案：A

解析：该段第1句中的impose order、第2句中的provide guidelines、giving criteria等都表明国家过敏与传染病研究院组织该项目是为了加强对过敏症的诊断准确性的监管。因此，本题应选A。

Towards the end of June, a unique joint expedition began in the waters near Indonesia. In an area of remarkable marine diversity known as the “Coral Triangle”, two vessels set sail: the American Okeanos Explorer and the Indonesian Baruna Jaya IV. Their destination was not over the horizon, but to explore the depths of the ocean. Jane Lubchenco, administrator of America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, says this is the first time that scientists have used a remotely operated vehicle to investigate the cold depths of Indonesia’s Sangihe Talaud region. Their remotely operated vehicle, known as Little Hercules, is working in waters as deep as 3,700 metres(2.3 miles)and as shallow as 250 metres. By several accounts, the diversity of marine life being discovered is phenomenal. Tim Shank, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the lead scientist on the expedition, says the team are discovering levels of large-animal diversity that rival anything found in similar habitats elsewhere on the planet. Dr. Shank is directing the expedition from a command centre in Jakarta, the Indonesian capital. He says the team have discovered between 30 and 40 new species in the past week of diving alone. Little Hercules is cruising over hot springs, deep-sea muds and the rocky tops of seamounts—a kind of underwater mountain that rises from the sea floor. A whole different set of corals live down here—and with them come a specialized fauna(动物群). For instance, two

chirostylid crabs have been found that live their adult lives only in one particular black coral. Sea stars, crabs, shrimp and worms are found living in the limbs of these corals as birds and insects do in the branches of trees in a rainforest. What is most intriguing is that the team are gathering evidence for the existence of a deep-ocean “Wallace Line”. This is an area named after Alfred Wallace, an evolutionary biologist who noticed in the 19th century that the fauna on either side of this line were distinctly different. The line runs between Borneo and Sulawesi, and through the Lombok Strait near Bali. To the west of the line the animals are Asian and to the east of it the species are a mix of Asian and Australian. The reason for this line is not entirely understood, says Dr. Shank, but it is thought to be related to the difficulty that species have had in crossing the deepwater under this line. Any confirmation that Wallace’s Line extends to the floor of the deep ocean itself will certainly test ideas about the evolution of the region. The mission continues until the end of August.

52． The marine life in the “Coral Triangle” can be best characterized as “ ______.”

A．mysterious B．remarkable C．phenomenal D．diversified

正确答案：D

解析：原文该句中的diversity表明“珊瑚大三角”的海洋生物品种繁多。第3段第1句也提到这一区域海洋生物的多样性不同寻常，因此，本题应选D。

53． Little Hercules is the first remotely controlled vehicle ______. A．that can be used for deep-sea expedition B．that is used to explore the “Coral Triangle” C．that can go as deeply as 2.3 miles undersea D．that is developed by American scientists

正确答案：B

解析：第2段第1句that引导的表语从句明确指出，Little Hercules是第一台用于勘测印尼SangiheTalaud地区(即“珊瑚大三角”)的远程操控潜水器。因此，本题应选B。

． The discovery of the two chirostylid crabs is mentioned as an example to illustrate______.

A．the uniqueness of the fauna B．the diversity of the corals

C．the relation between the corals and the fauna D．the similarity between the corals and a rainforest

正确答案：C

解析：题目提到的The discovery of the two chirostylid crabs是对第5段第3句的概括，该句开头的Forinstance表明该句内容是为了说明上一句，上一句提到了corals和a specialized fauna，因此，第3句是为了举例说明第2句中提到的corals和a specialized fauna的关系。由此可见，本题应选C。

55． According to Dr. Shank, the “Wallace Line” ______. A．hasn’t been fully accounted for B．doesn’t really exist

C．can justify the marine diversity D．is derived from undersea

正确答案：A

解析：A是对最后一段第1句提到的The reason…is not entirely understood的近义改写，account for意为“解释，说明”。故A为本题答案。

56． By writing the passage, the author most intends to______. A．introduce the joint expedition B．introduce the “Coral Triangle’’

C．highlight the meaningfulness of deep-sea exploration D．highlight the marine diversity of the “Coral Triangle”

正确答案：A

解析：本文是一篇典型的新闻报道，先总的介绍，再具体描述细节信息。本文第1段就提到了本则报道将要讲到a unique joint expedition(支特别的联合探险队)，接下来介绍了探索的过程和初步的成果。因此，本题应选A。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 客家(the Hakka)民居“福建土楼”主要分布在中国福建西南山区。独特的设计、蔚为壮观的结构及防潮抗震的特点使土楼不同于世界上任何其他居住建筑。客家人原来居住在中原，几百年前为躲避战乱才迁移到福建、广东和广西的。迁移到当地后，由于文化习俗上的差异，客家人与当地人经常产生冲突。为了保护家族，他们建造了土楼，这些土楼最多能容纳千户人家。2008年，共有46处福建土楼被列入世界文化遗产名录(the World Heritage Site List)。

正确答案： Fujian Tulou, a type of civilian residence of the Hakka, is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas in southwestern Fujian, China Its unique design and magnificent structure as well as its anti-humidity and anti-earthquake nature have made it different from any other residential buildings in the world. The Hakka people used to live in central China before they migrated to provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi to avoid wars several hundred years ago. Upon their arrival, they found themselves in constant conflicts with the local people due to differences in cultures and customs. To protect their clan, they built these earthen structures, which could

accommodate as many as a thousand of families. In 2008, a total of 46 Fujian Tulou sites were included in the World Heritage Site List.

解析：1．本段介绍性文字涉及对现在和过去情况的介绍，主要包含一般现在时和过去时两种时态。2．第1句中“福建土楼”是主语，其修饰语“客家民居”处理为插入语更符合英语的表达习惯。3．第2句中适当补充物主代词its，以符合英语常用代词的特点。“防潮”和“抗震”都可以通过前缀anti-来表达。本句还可译为it is distinguished from any other．．．by its unique design….4．第3句“客家人原来居住在……广西的”可用before一词连接前后两个分句，使句子更加紧凑，清楚表明了动作发生的先后顺序。5．倒数第2句中重复出现“土楼”，可考虑将“(这些土楼)最多能容纳千户人家”处理为定语从句which could accommodate as many as a thousand of families，使表达更加简洁。