2017年上半年笔译二级综合能力真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Vocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze Test
PART 1 Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.
1． We were told during our______briefing that these warehouses were abandoned.
A．insolent B．indefinite C．intimate D．initial
正确答案：D 解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。insolent意为“粗鲁的，无礼的”，indefinite意为“不确定的，不明确的”，intimate意为“亲密的”，initial意为“最初的”。根据题干整个语境来看，四个选项中只有initial的语义能与briefing(简报)构成符合上下文语义逻辑的搭配，意为“最初的简报”，故D选项符合题意。
2． I felt completely squashed by her______comment. A．suspicious B．sarcastic C．sympathetic D．substantial
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。suspicious意为“怀疑的”，sarcastic意为“挖苦的，讽刺的”，sympathetic意为“同情的”，substantial意为“大量的”。根据题干动词squashed(压扁，压碎)可知，此处应填一个语义比较消极的，且消极程度较高的形容词来修饰comment(评论)。四个选项中，只有sarcastic的语义最能与comment构成符合上下文语义逻辑的搭配，意为“讽刺的评论”，故B选项符合题意。
3． Human impact on climate is real, and there is______in the scientific community.
A．concession
B．consensus C．confession D．conscience
正确答案：B 解析：本题考查形式相近的名词词义辨析。concession意为“让步”，consensus意为“共识”，confession意为“承认”，conscience意为“良知”。四个选项均为含有前缀con-的名词，视觉上易造成混淆。本题前半句意为“人类对气候的影响是真实的”，根据这个事实，从整个题干语境来看，只有consensus的语义最为符合，与后文in the scientific community搭配，意为“科学界的共识”，故B选项符合题意。
4． We didn’t have time to read the whole novel, so the teacher prepared a______for us.
A．symmetry B．symposium C．synopsis D．synthesis
正确答案：C 解析：本题考查名词语义搭配。symmetry意为“对称”，symposium意为“专题研讨会”，synopsis意为“提要”，synthesis意为“综合体”。根据前半句语义“我们没有时间去读整部小说”，此处填入synopsis，最能满足整个题干语境，故C选项符合题意。
5． Their society has found a biological trigger to shut down human feeling, creating cold,______, orderly communities where the people resemble mildly judgmental robots.
A．tortuous B．credulous C．placid D．arrogant
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。tortuous意为“弯弯曲曲的”，credulous意为“轻信的”，placid意为“温和的，平静的”，arrogant意为“傲慢的”。根据题干，此处应填入一个恰当的形容词来修饰communities(社区)，并与下文the people resemble mildly judgemental robots在语义上相搭配，选项中只有placid(平静的)最为符合，故C选项符合题意。
6． Of course, there are personal factors: some run clever experiments, have good collaborating skills, and are______in communicating their work.
A．eloquent B．transparent
C．practical D．radical
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。eloquent意为“雄辩的”，transparent意为“透明的”，practical意为“实用的”，radical意为“激进的”，根据上下文语义，只有A选项可以和下文的communicating构成符合逻辑的搭配，故选A。
7． The surgeons often wear loupes mounted on eye glasses to______their work, which limits their field of vision to a few inches.
A．track B．capture C．magnify D．strengthen
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。track意为“跟踪”，capture意为“捕捉”，magnify意为“放大”，strengthen意为“加强”，根据上文的loupes(小型放大镜，高倍放大镜)可知，只有C选项符合题意。
8． Urban centers with strong teleconnectivity need fewer volunteers than remote areas with ______communication systems.
A．primitive B．provident C．particular D．pendent
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。primitive意为“原始的”，provident意为“节俭的”，particular意为“特定的”，pendent意为“悬而未决的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有A选项符合题意。
9． Part of political engagement is having hard conversations and understanding______perspectives.
A．divisible B．divine C．divergent D．dispensable
正确答案：C 解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。divisible意为“可分割的”，divine意为“神圣的”，divergent意为“分歧的”，dispensable意为“可有可无的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有C选项符合题意。
10． The firms then prepare their genetic cocktails and develop them inside live chicken eggs in______conditions.
A．semantic B．sterile C．soluble D．sleek
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。semantic意为“语义的”，sterile意为“无菌的，贫瘠的”，soluble意为“可溶性的”，sleek意为“光滑的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有B选项符合题意。
11． When the goats are full, they______in the sun to digest and dehydrate before continuing their work.
A．compress B．congregate C．confine D．compel
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。compress意为“压缩”，congregate意为“聚集”，confine意为“限制”，compel意为“强迫”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有B选项符合题意。
12． The program is helping build the students’ self-worth by making them an______part of the local community.
A．impressive B．inactive C．impartial D．integral
正确答案：D 解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。impressive意为“令人印象深刻的”，inactive意为“不活跃的”，impartial意为“公平的”，integral意为“构成整体所需的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有D选项符合题意。
13． Chimpanzee society is male-dominated and features strong bonds between adult males and______ties between females.
A．fine B．fit C．fixable D．feeble
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。fine意为“良好”，fit意为“健康的”，fixable意为“可固定的”，feeble意为“微弱的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有D选项符合题意。
14． The most famous discovery there, King Tut’s Tomb, included______model boats that served a similar function to Senwosret’s full-size ones.
A．exquisite B．external C．existent D．exemplary
正确答案：A 解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。exquisite意为“精致的”，external意为“外部的”，existent意为“存在的”，exemplary意为“典范的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有A选项符合题意。
15． Both players appear faster and more______and are eager to see what opportunities arise from being lighter.
A．agile
B．aggressive C．amiable D．amenable
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。agile意为“敏捷的”，aggressive意为“有侵略性的”，amiable意为“和蔼可亲的”，amenable意为“顺从的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有A选项符合题意。
16． He suffered a long series of illnesses with tremendous dignity and______. A．fraternity B．fragment C．fortitude D．fatigue
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词语义搭配。fratemity意为“互助”，fragment意为“碎片”，fortitude意为“刚毅”，fatigue意为“疲乏”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有C选项符合题意。
17． To save money on the companion’s fare, the rescue centers______help from vacationers already holding a plane ticket home.
A．defraud B．articulate C．utilize
D．solicit
正确答案：D 解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。defraud意为“欺骗”，aniculate意为“发音”，utilize意为“利用”，solicit意为“请求”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有D选项符合题意。
18． Though the promise of a winter break at the end of it might______the physical concerns, the mental challenge would remain.
A．alleviate B．amend C．affiliate D．accelerate
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。alleviate意为“缓和”，amend意为“修正”，affiliate意为“接纳”，accelerate意为“加速”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有A选项符合题意。
19． The new equipment allows ProtoStripes to create more______designs with a higher degree of precision.
A．infinite B．intricate C．ingenuous D．inherent
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词语义搭配。infinite意为“无限的”，intricate意为“复杂的”，ingenuous意为“天真的”，inherent意为“固有的，内在的”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有B选项符合题意。
20． Baking books by professional food writers tend to be more modest______. A．enchantments B．endurances C．encouragements D．endeavors
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查名词语义搭配。enchantments意为“魅力”，endurances意为“耐力”，encouragements意为“鼓励”，endeavors意为“努力；尽力”，根据上下文语义逻辑，只有D选项符合题意。
SECTION 2 Vocabularly ReplacementThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is given in the brackets. Below each sentence, there
are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer.
21． An education blog that asked readers to send reports of violence in schools tied to the election has been inundated with more than 375 reports.
A．crowded B．exerted C．invaded D．submerged
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“充满；拥挤”，B选项意为“施加(影响、压力等)；行使；尽力”，C选项意为“入侵；涌入”，D选项意为“淹没”。题干替换词意为“淹没； (洪水般)涌来；应接不暇”。D选项与替换词意思最接近，故选D。
22． And by the third year of training, most residents have had didactic teaching about psychodynamic psychotherapy, but many have not had experiential clinical exposure to it.
A．strategic B．instructive C．tedious D．literate
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“战略性的”，B选项意为“富有教育意义的，增长知识的”， C选项意为“冗长乏味的；令人生厌的”，D选项意为“有读写能力的”。题干替换词意为“教诲的，说教式的”。题干语句中可能有较难遇见的术语，但是我们可以把握整句的语义指向，从而找到思路。it指代前面的psychodynamic psychotherapy，didactic teaching与后面的experiential clinical(临床的)形成对比。医学生的受训流程包括教学和临床受训，即可选出答案B。
23． We wanted to minimize colors and materials, really kind of keeping things tranquil. The majority of the real color is in the artwork and outside.
A．serene B．abstract C．distinct D．concrete
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“安静；晴朗”，B选项意为“抽象；茫然”，C选项意为“明显的，清楚的；不寻常的；有区别的；确切的”，D选项
意为“具体的，有形的”。题干替换词意为“安静的，静谧的”。本题的要点是抓住前面的minimize colors and materials，这里作者追求的应该是一种简洁、低调的品位，这些意思明显和C选项形成反差，B选项和D选项互为反义，和题干的语义没有关联。
24． A public health approach first and foremost requires meticulous collection and tracking of data.
A．previous B．visual C．rigorous D．curious
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“以前的，早先的”，B选项意为“视觉的；形象化的”，C选项意为“细致的；严格的”，D选项意为“好奇的：奇妙的”。题干替换词意为“细心的；谨慎的”。题干替换词作为collection and tracking of data(数据收集和跟踪方法)的前置限定词，一定揭示了其本质、内容、标准等。若对公共卫生、医学、社会科学研究有一定的认识，就能够排除A、B、D选项。可能有考生会误选B，目前数据挖掘的结果用视觉化方式表现日渐普遍，但是此处谈的是最重要的数据收集和跟踪的原则。D选项多用来修饰人。
25． The bright red color of a lobster’s cooked shell is considered auspicious, making it a staple during Chinese festivals and at weddings.
A．precious B．luxurious C．desirable D．fortunate
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“珍惜的；受珍爱的”，B选项意为“豪华的；奢侈的；放纵的；辞藻华丽的”， C选项意为“可取的；令人满意的”，D选项意为“幸运的；吉利的”。题干替换词意为“吉祥的；吉利的”。看全句的语境，Chinese festivals和weddings具有强烈的暗示。bright red color是为什么会在中国人的节日和婚礼上被采用?了解中国文化中颜色的象征意义，就能轻松选出D。C选项有一定的迷惑性，但仅仅表达倾向态度，不可选。
26． I liked letters on which their handwriting was rushed and slightly illegible, because if I had trouble deciphering the handwriting, the letter lasted longer.
A．unreadable B．unaccountable C．unacceptable D．unaccustomed
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。几个选项都以un-开头，以-able或者-ed结尾，A选项意为“难以理解的；不值一读的；难念的； (字迹等)难以认清的”，B选项意为“无法解释；不负责的”，C选项意为“不能接受的，不中意的”，D选项意为“不习惯；反常的”。题干替换词意为“难以辨认的”，通过替换词前的rushed，可以推断出匆忙写的字应该是难以辨认的。再往后读，可能有考生会被trouble影响，选出C，但是不要忘了整个题干的语义走向和语用含义，说话人是喜欢读这一类信的， “困难”实际上增加了他的乐趣。
27． If Amazon executives hope their rapprochement with Hachette will conciliate authors, they might be disappointed.
A．suppress B．appease C．embarrass D．frustrate
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查近义词辨析。A选项意为“镇压；压制”，B选项意为“安抚，缓和；对……让步；姑息”，C选项意为“使尴尬；使困惑”，D选项意为“挫败；阻挠”。题干替换词意为“抚慰，安抚”。从后文的might be disappointed和前文的if一相左，可以推断出替换词应该有积极语义，从这个角度可以排除A、C、D。
28． Even if you have to start again with nothing, if you’re industrious, you can return to your life in a year.
A．virtuous B．receptive C．genuine D．diligent
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“品行端正的；自命不凡的”，B选项意为“善于接受的；能容纳的”， C选项意为“真实的；名副其实的；真诚的”，D选项意为“勤奋的；勤勉的；用功的”。题干替换词意为“勤奋的；勤劳的；忙碌的”。通读全句，抓住并理顺even if…start with nothing，if…return…中的逻辑，可知一个人落魄了，东山再起需要做到diligent，故选D。
29． He spent time with his intrepid mother who had lived in Alaska in the 1940s.
A．loyal B．fearless C．hopeful D．amiable
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“忠诚的；衷心的”，B选项意为“大胆的；无畏的”，C选项意为“抱有希望的；给人以希望的”，D选项意为“和蔼可亲的；温和的”。题干替换词意为“勇敢的”。只有B选项贴近原意。
30． People seemed excited about the event, though in Cuba it can be hard to discern genuine enthusiasm from a sense of duty.
A．define B．control C．recognize D．terminate
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“解释；阐明；界定”，B选项意为“控制；支配”，C选项意为“承认；识别”，D选项意为“终结”。题干替换词与后面的from搭配，意为“识别出”。首先抓住搭配discern…from，然后通过判断enthusiasm和duty的关系，并且排除一部分不能放入此结构的词，便可以找到答案。
31． Some experts think it is rather pernicious to inculcate into a child a view of the world which includes supernaturalism.
A．joyful B．vague C．harmful D．moral
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“高兴的；快乐的；令人愉快的”，B选项意为“模糊，不清楚的；不明确的”，C选项意为“不良；导致损害的”，D选项意为“道德；道义”。题干替换词意为“有害的”。本句应抓住人物及其探讨的对象，专家的论断虽然不会绝对有理，但是experts一词暗含着学术的训练和科学的态度，向孩子传播包含超自然主义的世界观这件事在他们看来会如何?故C选项最符合文意。
32． A certain amount of unemployment lubricates labor markets, maintaining a ready supply of workers for expanding businesses.
A．obscures B．benefits C．hinders D．modifies
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“使费解；掩盖”，B选项意为“对某人有用；得益于”， C选项意为“妨碍”，D选项意为“修改；减轻，减缓”。题干替换词意为“润滑，促进”。本题的思路在maintaining一词上，分词短语和
替换动词均为unemployment能做到的事或造成的后果。…supply of workers for…很显然是正面积极的事情，故答案为最接近的B。
33． Address forms, as a susceptible linguistic phenomenon, have always been the object of sociolinguistic researches.
A．sensitive B．universal C．puzzling D．controversial
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“敏感；灵敏的”，B选项意为“普遍；万能的”，C选项意为“令人费解的；使为难的”，D选项意为“有争议的”。题干替换词意为“易受影响；易受感染的”。称呼语不可能保持“一贯不变”，总体而言也不会“令人费解”(可能有一些称呼语令人迷茫，或者引发争议，但这不是普遍现象)。
34． It is precisely her perceived cynicism and duplicity as a politician that drive her unfavorable rating.
A．satire B．hypocrisy C．contempt D．deception
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“讽刺；讽刺作品”，B选项意为“伪善；虚伪”，C选项意为“蔑视”，D选项意为“骗局；欺诈”。题干替换词意为“表里不一；欺骗”。替换部分和D选项为近义词，故选D。
35． Their success is a result of the fortuitous combination of circumstances. A．instinctive B．prompt C．unexpected D．accessible
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“天生的；本能的”，B选项意为“迅速的；敏捷的；立刻的；准时的”， C选项意为“意外的；忽然的”，D选项意为“易接近的，易相处的”。题干替换词意为“偶然的，巧合的”。题干语句在谈“……条件的结合”，从搭配和语义上来看，B、C两项都符合，再进一步推断，替换词fonuitous的fort来自fortu(运气)，所以最接近的为C选项。
36． With so much momentum pushing for a cure, the emphasis from researchers and frontline oncologists is on more vigilance about the side effects.
A．impulse B．impediment C．immunity D．impatience
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词义辨析。本题四个选项均为im-开头，A选项意为“冲动；脉搏”，B选项意为“障碍；妨碍：口吃”，C选项意为“免疫力；豁免”，D选项意为“不耐烦，焦躁”。题干替换词意为“势头；动力”。注意本题的pushing for，替换词应该从语义上与其搭配。故选A。
37． Jimmy was just a totally ordinary, honest bloke, the least pretentious person you could ever imagine. And his audience adored him for it.
A．arguable B．boastful C．changeable D．regretful
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“可辩论的，可论证的”，B选项意为“自吹自擂的，自夸的”，C选项意为“可变的，易变的”，D选项意为“遗憾的，后悔的，令人惋惜的”。题干替换词意为“狂妄的，自负的；虚伪的，做作的”。在系动词之后，我们可以看到ordinary，honest与后面的least+替换词之间有着相近的关系，然后从语义上推断诚实的人不应该做什么，即可得到答案。还可以从后句的adore推断出前面的特质具有积极的语义，再由least推出替换词应该是负面消极的，故选B。同时也可以注意搭配，如changeable常用来形容事物，如条件、环境等，形容人时常作表语。
38． When they deviated from the diet, even after years of compliance, the disease invariably got worse.
A．diverged B．recovered C．isolated D．suffered
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“分离；偏离”，B选项意为“复原”，C选项意为“孤立，隔绝”，D选项意为“受苦”。题干替换词意为“偏离”。本题从搭配上来讲，选项的迷惑性比较大，还是要抓住原句的语义来解题。偏离饮食要求的饮食会导致病情恶化，故A选项最符合文意。
39． She emerged smiling to face reporters assembled in the lobby, but she did not say whether they talked about fabricated news.
A．terrified
B．serious C．worried D．fictitious
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A选项意为“很害怕的，极度惊慌的”，B选项意为“严重的；认真的；重要的”，C选项意为“担心的，为难的”，D选项意为“虚构的；小说式的”。题干替换词意为“编造；伪造”。A和C选项并不能和news这样搭配，要注意其过去分词形式，排除没有难度。仅从搭配来讲B选项可能被误选，做对只能靠对原词词义的掌握。
40． I read recently that more than 80 billion articles of clothing are produced each year, but only a negligible few are recycled.
A．durable B．valuable C．trifling D．noticeable
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。先着整句话，前面的具体数字800亿和后文的but之间形成转折，所以替换词的语义大致为“少的，不容易引起注意的”。A选项意为“持久，耐用的”，B选项意为“有价值的”，C选项意为“微不足道的；轻浮的；无聊的；懒散的”，D选项意为“显而易见的”。题干替换词意为“微不足道的；不足轻重”。故答案为C。
SECTION 3 Error CorrectionThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is a part given in the brackets that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer.
41． The office, laboratory, and museum are situated at the top of the hill in which they command a fine view.
A．where it commands B．which it commands C．where they command D．which they command
正确答案：C 解析：本题重点考查引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词的用法。画线部分是定语从句修饰hill，在本句中的意思是从山顶往下看，应该用from which才对。四个选项中首先可以排除B和D，因为which是关系代词，由于先行词是表示地点的hill，所以引导从句的应该是关系副词或介词+关系代词。A项中从句的主语是单数，不能指代主句中的office，laboratory和museum。故选C，主语是代
词they，指代前面三个名词。
42． Some studies suggest parents today do have more face time with their children than the parents decades ago as driven largely by increased time spent with fathers.
A．to be driven largely B．largely driven
C．being driven largely
D．having been largely driven
正确答案：B
解析：本题重点考查过去分词短语作状语的用法。画线部分是一个as引导的原因状语从句，但是因为从句中缺少被动式结构的助动词，所以是错误的。四个选项中首先排除A和C，A中的不定式被动结构表示将来的行为，不符合本题语义。C中的副词largely修饰过去分词driven，但是它的位置应该放在过去分词前面。B和D都表示完成和被动，但是D不如B的表达简洁，而且现在分词完成式的被动结构几乎是不用的。故选B。
43． The runner, which for the competition for the first time in a major track meet, waited patiently in the starting blocks.
A．who was for the competition B．that was about to compete C．that was for the competition D．who was about to compete
正确答案：D
解析：本题重点考查定语从句的用法。从句子结构来看，画线部分应当是非限制性定语从句修饰the runner，但是它又没有完整的主谓结构，而且引导它的关系代词也用错了。四个选项中首先可以排除B和C，由于先行词是人，所以后面的关系代词应当用who。但是A也是错误的，原因是介词for表示“赞成，支持”的意思。故选D，其中的be about to do表示即将做某事，符合题意。
44． It is inconceivable whether aggression against the small republic would not be met with its allies’ full military power.
A．if B．that C．though D．unless
正确答案：B 解析：本题重点考查主语从句的用法。英语中有大量的it is+adj．+that-clause结构，其中的that-clause就是主语从句。画线部分使用的连词错误。尽管whether也可以引导主语从句，但不是用在这样的结构中。四个选项中只能选B，因为这是一个固定的句型。
45． Of the 500 million different species from living creatures that have appeared on earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished.
A．of B．in C．for D．on
正确答案：A
解析：本题重点考查常见介词的用法。画线部分的介词from表示“从……中”，但是从语义所属上来看，species应该是living creatures中的一部分，这里表示的是所属关系，因此使用from不如of准确。四个选项中从语义上首先可以排除C和D。B和画线部分是同样的错误，故选A，用of表示所属关系。
46． When stopped at a roadside hot dog stand, an airplane flew over our heads with such a deafening roar that we almost choked on the sodas we were drinking.
A．While stopped B．While stopping C．As we stopped D．As stopped
正确答案：C
解析：本题重点考查状语从句的用法。状语从句由连词引导，有完整的主谓结构，与主句相比，其处于从属地位。画线部分是由when引导的从句，但从句中没有主语，因而是错误的。四个选项中首先可以排除A和D，它们的错误与画线部分一样。B中使用了现在分词，但其逻辑主语与句子主语却不一样，也不能选它。只有C是由连词as引导的一个有完整主谓结构的句子，故选C。
47． Many of the observations made by Leonardo a few 400 years ago about the movement of birds’ wings have been verified by modern photos.
A．greater than 400 years ago
B．greater more than 400 years ago C．a little greater than 400 years ago D．a little more than 400 years ago
正确答案：D
解析：本题重点考查more than的用法。画线部分出现了a few和400，它们在语义上冲突，不能并用，只能二者选一。四个选项都用了比较结构。A项语义上不通顺，C项也是如此。B项greater与more than形成双重比较形式，违犯语法规则。故选D，其中a little作修饰词。
48． According to the regulations that went into effect last week, anyone caught to litter the highways is subject to a large fine.
A．caught littering
B．is caught to litter C．to be caught littering D．is caught to be littering
正确答案：A
解析：本题重点考查惯用表达法。从句中来看，anyone后面的画线部分应该是过去分词短语作后置修饰语，其原形是catch sb．doing(碰上，当场抓住某人做坏事)，所以caught后面应该用现在分词而不是不定式。四个选项中首先可以排除B和D，作为后置定语从句，它们都缺引导从句的关系代词。而C项中的不定式表示将来，与句子的意思不符合。故选A，意思是扔垃圾被当场逮住的人。
49． Although many people think of spiders as insects, they are much likely related to ticks and scorpions.
A．it is more likely B．it is more closely C．they are more closely D．they are more likely
正确答案：C 解析：本题重点考查常见副词和近似副词形式的形容词辨析。主从句中对蜘蛛的看法前后形成对比关系，主句是对从句意思的否定，而画线部分的likely是形容词而非副词，不能用于修饰形容词related。四个选项中首先可以排除A和B，因为其中的代词it指代不明。C和D有一词之差，但是D和画线部分有一样的错误。故选C，副词closely修饰related。
50． Greenwood Park, which has a lovely beer garden and pitches it as family friend, closes its doors on kids after 7 pm.
A．it as family-friendly B．itself as friendly family C．it as friendly family D．itself as family-friendly
正确答案：D
解析：本题重点考查反身代词的用法。反身代词在句子中有多种句法功能，其中之一就是充当宾语。动词pitch的意思是“为……做宣传；替……说好话”。由于主语是Greenwood Park，句子意思是“该公园自我宣传为……”，所以画线部分中的it应该用反身代词itself才对。四个选项中A和C与画线部分一样，都没有使用反身代词作宾语。B项的意思是“把自己宣传为友好的家庭”，不如D项中的“宣传自己对家庭友好”更准确，故选D。
51． Even if the company rule book says that flexitime is allowed, the employees to work from home are seen as uncommitted to the team.
A．the employees work
B．those who work C．those who working
D．the employees are working
正确答案：B 解析：本题重点考查后置修饰语结构及时态用法辨析。这是一个主从复合句，其中画线部分是主句的主语，但用了不定式一般时(表示将来)作后置定语，与谓语动词的时态不匹配，因此是错误的。四个选项中排除A和D，因为它们是主谓结构，而后面已经有谓语动词。C项看上去像一个定语从句修饰those，但是从句中没有助动词，所以也不能选。故选B，定语从句结构，动词时态与主句时态是一致的。
52． More surprising, perhaps, as traditional marriage the difficulty is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving.
A．as the current difficulties of traditional marriage B．the current difficulties of traditional marriage C．than the current difficulties of traditional marriage D．what the current difficulties of traditional marriage
正确答案：C
解析：本题重点考查常见比较结构的用法。句子一开始就出现了more，因此画线部分用as是错误的。more…than…是一种固定结构。四个选项中首先可以排除A和D，其错误与画线部分一样。B项是一个名词词组，与后面的is the fact形成主语+谓语+表语句型，但在意义上不通顺，而且如果该名词词组作主语，surprising该换成副词surprisingly。故选C，形成一个词组充当句子的表语，整个句子是一个倒装句。
53． For centuries, in the countries of South and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and so more than in Thailand.
A．as much as everywhere B．so more everywhere than C．nowhere than so more D．nowhere more so than
正确答案：D 解析：本题重点考查常见比较结构中出现替代词和否定意义的词的用法。画线部分是一个比较结构，但so more than却是错误的。习惯上说more so than或much more so than，其中的so起替代作用，代替前面整个分句。四个选项中排除A和B。A中的everywhere与后面的Thailand重复。B中除了有everywhere之外，还有与画线部分同样的错误。C中颠倒了more…than…。故选D，and后面实际上是省掉了谓语动词，完整的结构是nowhere is more so than…，其中nowhere作主语，意思是没有哪个地方比泰国更甚。
54． Research finds that poor kids are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome comparing to their wealthier peers, unless they have an especially nurturing mother and lots of maternal warmth.
A．comparing with B．compared with
C．being compared with D．being comparing with
正确答案：B
解析：本题重点考查现在分词与过去分词的意义及用法。本句中说“将穷人家的孩子与富人家的孩子相比”，因此画线部分不应该用现在分词，而是用过去分词表示被比较，that从句中的主语是poor kids，画线部分的逻辑主语应该也是poor kids。四个选项中首先可以排除A和D，其错误与画线部分一样。C用了现在分词的被动式，表示“正在进行”，与整个句子所述时间不一致，故选B，其中没有具体的时间限制。
55． The company sponsors an essay competition that students submit papers, a panel of historians will judge them on the basis of style and content, and the winners receive gift certificates.
A．to which B．from which C．in which D．for which
正确答案：A 解析：本题重点考查定语从句中谓语动词与介词搭配使用时介词的位置。按照英语语法规则，句子尾端如果出现介词，需要将其灵活处理，办法之一就是在定语从句中将其置于引导词前。画线部分是定语从句的引导词，由于定语从句中的谓语动词是submit，其常用结构是submit sth．to sb．(向……提交)，故从句中缺少一个介词。四个选项中只有A合适，将介词置于关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”来引导定语从句。
56． Once you have finished reading these documents from our consultant, we would like to have your opinion to be regarded the value of the advice received so far.
A．regarded B．regarding
C．to have been regarded D．to be regarding
正确答案：B
解析：本题重点考查介词的用法。这是一个主从复合句。画线部分的错误在于用了不定式被动结构，让人误以为这是一个have sth．done结构。但是主句的意思是我们希望就建议的价值征求你的意见，用了被动结构后句子的意思就不通顺了。四个选项中只有B合适，因为regarding是介词，表示“关于……”，它与
后面的名词词组连用组成一个介词词组作状语。
57． We’re headed downtown on Saturday to see what’s being shown in the main art galleries. I’m told that Anne is very interested in modern art, so I hope she have joined our group.
A．will join B．would join
C．will have joined D．would have joined
正确答案：A
解析：本题重点考查hope后接宾语从句时从句中的时态用法。画线部分是宾语从句的谓语动词，宾语从句说出愿望的内容，是尚未发生之事，使用完成时是错误的，用一般将来时即可，故选A。
58． Three geologists leading Chinese attended the conference and took part in a very stimulating panel discussion.
A．Leading three Chinese geologists B．Chinese three leading geologists C．Three leading Chinese geologists D．Chinese leading three geologists
正确答案：C
解析：本题重点考查限定词的用法。英语中限定词数量不少，涵盖范围广。画线部分中的名词geologists后面出现了两个形容词，按照习惯用法，这两个形容词修饰名词时应该出现在被修饰的名词前。按照英语语法，名词词组中出现限定词和形容词时，限定词应该在修饰名词的形容词前面，数词three在名词词组中属于限定词，因此应该选C。
59． Anyone asked him, Barlow could have told the investigators some useful details about the robbery.
A．When anyone asked him B．Had anyone asked him C．If anyone asked him
D．When anyone had asked him
正确答案：B
解析：本题重点考查虚拟语气的意义及用法。主从复合句使用虚拟语气时，通常从句与主句在时态上保持一致。画线部分是一个分句，但是它与后面的分句之间没有出现语义衔接的连接词。从两个分句的意思来判断，应该是画线部分充当从句，后面的分句是主句，从而组成一个主从复合句。主句中使用了虚拟语气，因此画线部分缺少引导非真实条件句的连词。四个选项中首先可以排除A和C，因为时态上与主句对应不上，从句中应该是过去的过去。D项中的连词使用不当。故选B，其中省掉了连词if，并将助动词had提前，这是书面语常见的做法。
60． What a great deal of initial confusion, the anti-war demonstrators decided protesting inside the administration building instead of in the gymnasium.
A．In B．For C．On D．After
正确答案：D
解析：本题重点考查常见介词的用法。画线部分的what位于句首，会让人误以为这是一个感叹句，但又与后面分句的意思衔接不上。因此用what是错误的。这部分实际上是表达经历了最初的混乱之后，示威者们决定下一步做什么。四个选项中能够表示时间先后顺序的只有D。
PART 2 Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this part you will find a number of questions or unfinished statements after each passage. You must choose one letter (marked A,B,C, and D) you think fits best. The time for this part is 70 minutes.
Embracing failure is a cliche of the business world. But as Matthew Syed, a journalist at The Times, shows in a new book, Black Box Thinking, in practice a “stigmatizing attitude toward error” pervades everyday life. This has big implications. Success brings its own rewards, but the world comes down hard on those who are deemed failures. The desire to avoid such opprobrium prompts people to cover up mistakes, argues Mr. Syed. Police fail to drop cases against people accused of committing a crime, even after clear evidence emerges of their innocence. Politicians plough on with policies even when it is obvious they are not working. All are psychological strategies to avoid admitting fault. Fear of failure can have devastating consequences, as Mr. Syed shows in a story about United Airlines. In 1978, as a plane approached its destination, the pilot worried that the landing gear had not come down. Desperate, he tried to establish what was wrong, becoming blinded to the plane’s dwindling fuel reserves. Eventually the tank was empty, and the plane crashed. The worry of making a mistake — subjecting the passengers to a bumpy landing — blinded him to bigger problems. The story is a metaphor. Investors hold on to losing stocks longer than they should. Unable to face the shame of a bad return, they end up with a much bigger loss. Fred Goodwin of RBS, a bank, fretted about the color of the carpets at head office while his firm collapsed under the weight of the financial crisis. The medical profession is especially intolerant of mishaps, says Mr. Syed. This means that mistakes are not scrutinized and people do not learn from them. Small wonder that blunders are pervasive. According to one study of acute care in hospitals, one in 10 patients “is killed or injured as a consequence of medical error or institutional shortcomings”. What to do? One solution is making it easy for people to own up or speak up, as the airline industry has learned to do better than any other. Mr. Syed’s more novel suggestion, though, is the rigorous testing of business
strategies. This forces people to make improvements. The gold standard is the “randomized control trial” (RCT), in which a treatment group is compared with a control group. Capital One, a credit-card company, has used RCTs obsessively — over the fonts it uses, for example, and the scripts at its call-centers — to assess which initiatives fail and which do not. James Dyson, a technology entrepreneur, and Google are other cheerleaders for this hyperrational school of management. This approach may also hold benefits for governments. David Halpern is the boss of the British government’s Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), known as the “nudge unit,” which uses RCTs to improve policy. Identifying points of failure and making small changes, he argues, reaps disproportionate gains. By including a message on a car-tax form appealing to people’s sense of humanity, the BIT sharply boosted organ donations. Much still needs to be done. Between 2010 and 2012 the BIT saved the British government only ￡ 300 million ($457 million), a negligible proportion of GDR Few businesses incorporate RCTs as extensively as Capital One. Much more could be done. Hospitals could subject doctors to RCTs, identify the mistake-prone and then help them. Civil servants could randomly test the economic impact of policies, such as changes to income tax, before rolling them out. It sounds extreme, but confronting failure rationally would bring huge rewards.
61． What does the word “stigmatizing” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Smearing. B．Shocking. C．Shaking. D．Scaring.
正确答案：A
解析：语义题。本题中stigmatizing意为“将某事或某物视为可耻的”，A与其语义最接近，故为正确答案。
62． “Police” and “politicians” are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show that______.
A．people try to find fault with others B．people have a strong desire for success C．people make efforts to conceal mistakes D．people take actions to show their innocence
正确答案：C
解析：推断题。第2段用警察和政客举例后，指出他们这些举动都是为了避免承认错误而采取的心理对策。故选C(人们努力隐瞒错误)。
63． In Mr. Syed’s story, the plane crashed because______. A．the pilot failed to see the landing gear B．it flew on without enough fuel
C．the landing gear was blocked D．a bump caused failure in landing
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。第3段第4句指出最终油箱空了，机毁人亡。故飞行坠毁的原因应为B(燃料不够的情况下继续飞行)。留意干扰选项，C起落架被卡和D颠簸着陆，均不是飞机坠毁的直接原因。
64． We can infer from Paragraph 4 that______.
A．businessmen are concerned about financial problems B．investors are brave enough to endure bigger loss C．patients are subject to institutional mistakes D．doctors are careful about their profession
正确答案：C
解析：推断题。第4段最后一句，根据一项针对医院急症护理的研究，每十位患者中就有一位“由于医疗事故或制度缺陷身亡或受伤”。故选C。干扰项D是对第4句“医疗行业对于小错误尤其难以容忍”的过度解读。
65． Paragraph 4 wants to tell us that______. A．attitude determines everything B．failure is the mother of success C．detail determines success or failure D．face outweighs anything else
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。第4段萨伊德举了三个例子都在暗示“态度决定了结果”，如投资者怕丢面子不及时抛售亏损股票，银行家因注重细节而忽略大局，医生因怕失误反而造成更多事故。故选A。
66． What does the word “novel” underlined in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Reliable. B．Strange. C．Random. D．Original.
正确答案：D
解析：语义题。novel在文中作形容词表示“新奇的，新颖的”，故选D。
67． What can we infer about RCT from the passage? A．It has been utilized in various fields. B．It is randomly selected by entrepreneurs. C．It should be controlled in implementation. D．It will be tested with advanced technology.
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。第5段最后一句提到，除了“第一资本” (信用卡公司)使用RCT之外，詹姆斯-戴森(技术企业家)和谷歌(搜索引擎公司)也都推崇这种超理性管理学派。由此可以判定RCT被运用于不同领域，故选A。
68． What does the phrase “disproportionate gains” underlined in Paragraph 7 mean?
A．Some rewards seem to be negligible. B．Small actions will bring big returns. C．Small changes can lead to failure. D．Some initiatives can be boosted.
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。第7段第2句用具体案例(通过在汽车税单上加印激发人性的信息，英国政府的“行为研究小组”极大促进了器官捐赠)，证明这种不成比例的收益是指“付出极小收获极大”，故选B(小小的行动将带来巨大的回报)。注意D(有些刚发起的行动得到推进)易误选，这只是例证巨大回报的具体表征。
69． What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Civil servants can face failure with the help of BIT. B．RCT has been widely applied in business.
C．BIT needs to be improved for its small returns. D．Doctors can benefit from the use of RCTs.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。最后一段第5句提到医院可以让医生接受“随机对照试验”，识别容易出错的地方，然后帮助他们改进。故选D(医生可以通过使用RCT获益)。A选项中帮助公务员理性面对失败的是RCT，而非BIT。B、C选项在文内均无直接依据，故排除。
70． The purpose of the passage is to______. A．analyze the reasons for fear of failure B．exemplify the drawbacks of fear of failure C．encourage people to learn from failure
D．discuss the pervasiveness of making mistakes
正确答案：C
解析：主旨题。梳理全文可知，作者从人们对错误的态度入手，从反面例证了害怕承认错误和恐惧失败可能造成的后果，提出应该审视错误、吸取教训，最后抛出解决方案，并用RCT的案例证明人们可以认识失败，改进方法，进而获得回报。由此可以判断作者的意图是要鼓励人们从失败中吸取教训，这样才可事半功倍，故选C。选项A、B和D都只是文章中涉及的部分内容，不是主旨。故排除。
On the Internet, ads are a real problem. They’re a problem for us, the people, and not just because they clutter up our Web pages, they also cost us money (in mobile data charges), battery life and time. Surprisingly, they’re also a problem for advertisers and websites. Suddenly the popularity of ad-blocking software has reached a tipping point. According to a study by Adobe and PageFair (which offers anti-ad-blocking services), 41 percent of adults younger than 30 use these blockers. Overall, ad-blocker installations are up 48 percent in a year — and that was before Apple began approving ad-blocking apps for the iPhone and iPad last September, marking ad blocking has come to the mobile world for the first time in a huge way. The thing is, most of those free articles, videos and services you enjoy are brought to you by the advertising. If you’re not seeing the ads, then the central financial transaction of the online content economy collapses. What then? Some websites appeal to visitors directly, asking you to view the ads. Last summer Wired.com’s home page said, “Please do us a favor and disable your ad blocker.” Other sites simply turn you away if you have an ad blocker installed. The sites for leading UK broadcasters Channel 4 and ITV present a dark screen. Enter ad-blocker-blocking technology — Web software that tries to fool the ad blockers so that the ads appear despite your blocker. Some companies that operate ad blockers even accept money from large advertisers, although they deny giving ads from those companies’ special treatment. But these tactics treat the public as the enemy. They create a technology arms race. “You will see our ads, like it or not!” Advertising executives may tell you that one solution may be native advertising: ads dressed up as articles. They’re displayed as actual stories or videos rather than splashy ads, so they pass through ad blockers. These can lead to some murky territory, however, blurring the line between traditional content and content aiming to sell you something. So tech Utopians like me wonder why the answer isn’t micropayments. You know, instead of looking at ads, you’re automatically billed a few cents for each article you read or video you watch. Unfortunately, in the late 1990s and early 2000s a bunch of companies tried to invent micropayment systems; all of them failed. To find out why, I tracked down the CEOs of some of the startups who have all moved on to other endeavors. “Micropayments sound great on paper,” former BitPass CEO Douglas Knopper told me. “But in practice, they require four things for the consumer that are hard to pull off: simplicity, ubiquity, security — and it has to be free. The economics to the retailer don’t work, because there are too many middlemen — credit card processors, etc. So until someone figures out how to crack the code ... micropayments aren’t going to get any traction.” The timing was wrong, too. Charles Cohen, founder of failed micropayment company Beenz, told me that these efforts mostly died “because the dot-com bubble burst, and most of the companies who were accepting and issuing our microcurrency went up in a puff of smoke.” So micropayments may face an uphill battle, but there aren’t any screamingly obvious reasons why they couldn’t work now. It seems Web companies would be happy to get out of the ad-blocking arms race, while Web users, well, we wouldn’t mind paying a few cents here and there to never encounter another intrusive banner ad or slow-to-load video ad.
71． Online ads are a nuisance for people because______. A．websites are full of ads B．loading ads takes time
C．they pay money for making ads D．ads slow down network speed
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。第1段第2句指出，网上广告让我们困扰的原因有四点，一方面广告会把网页弄得乱七八糟，另一方面加载广告会因消耗移动流量而费钱(cost our money)，损耗电池寿命(battery life)而且浪费我们的时间(time)。故选B(加载广告消耗时间)。注意选项A与文中提及的clutter up our Web pages表述相似，容易误选。应辨析两种表达的差异。根据词典的释义：be full of意为“containing as much or as many things or people as possible，so there is no space left”。据此可知，A更强调网页被广告充满了，已经没有空间展示其他内容。clutter up意为“to cover or fill a space or room with too many things，so that it looks very untidy”。强调堆得乱七八糟，让网页页面显得很不整洁。言下之意，广告影响了网页的视觉效果，但没有影响网页的内容呈现。因此排除选项A。选项C试图用pay money for…吸引考生视线，与后文作者倡议的付费消除广告混淆。
72． We can learn from Paragraph 2 that______. A．advertisers are against ad-blockers B．most adults utilize ad-blockers
C．ad-blockers are welcomed by companies D．the rate of installing ad-blockers is rising
正确答案：D 解析：推断题。第2段第4句明确指出广告拦截软件的安装总量在一年中已然增长了48％。故选D(广告拦截软件的安装率在上升)。41％的30岁以下的成年人使用这些拦截软件，并不是大部分的成年人，故排除B。
73． Blocking online ads will have an effect on______. A．the availability of free services B．the economy of the country C．the transaction of businesses D．the installation of apps
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。第3段第1句提到广告能推荐你喜欢的免费文章、视频和服务。拦截广告也许会拦截部分免费服务的信息，但并不意味着阻断其他获取免费服务的渠道，故应排除A。第2句提到了广告被拦截之后会出现的问题：网络内容经济的核心金融交易就会崩溃，因此可以推断广告被拦截会影响金融交易，故选C。
74． If you have an ad-blocker installed,______. A．you will not be welcomed by websites
B．you can still enjoy free articles and services online C．you will be required to see the websites’ ads
D．you will be interrupted frequently by the ad-blockers on websites
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。第4段第1到4句逐一列举有些网站会请求用户浏览广告、禁用广告拦截器、拒绝安装了广告拦截软件的用户访问或显示黑屏等做法，说明各大网站对安装了
75． Although ad-blockers are loaded, we can still see the ads because______. A．ad-blockers fail to work effectively B．online ads are handled in a special way C．ad-blocker companies cheat the public
D．competition in blocking technology is fierce
正确答案：C 解析：推断题。第5段第2句指出有些运营广告拦截器的公司会收取大型广告客户的钱，私下对它们的广告进行特殊处理。由此可以推断这些广告拦截公司是在欺骗大众，故选C。
76． What does the word “murky” underlined in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Obscure. B．Somber. C．Gloomy. D．Ambiguous.
正确答案：A
解析：语义题。文中murky的意思是“模糊的，含糊的”。整句的意思是伪装成故事的广告(软文)模糊了传统内容与推销内容之间的界限。故选A(不易看清的，不分明的)。试比较这几个词的释义：murky adj． complicated and difficult to understandobscure adj．difficult to understandsomber adj． sad and serious；dark and without any bright coloursgloomy adj．dark，especially in a way that makes you feel sadambiguous adj． something that is ambiguous is unclear，confusing，or not certain，especially because it can be understood in more than one way
77． According to Douglas Knopper, micropayment systems failed mainly because______.
A．the companies switched to other trades B．the requirements were difficult to fulfill C．the micropayment systems were not feasible D．the middlemen had to figure out their profits
正确答案：B 解析：细节题。第9段第3句中道格拉斯提到小额支付需要满足用户的四点要求，而这四点都难以实现。故选B(必要条件难以满足)。选项A是小额支付无法成功的后果。第4句提到零售商如果使用小额支付，由于中间环节过多，得不到经济效益。故排除选项C。第5句中出现figures out一词，是说有人破译代码，而非中间商算出利润。故排除D。
78． Charles Cohen’s statement in Paragraph 10 implies that______. A．micropayment companies went out of business B．microcurrency was not acceptable in society C．wrong timing means failure to companies D．dot-com was not reliable for free access
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。第10段第1句提出小额支付当时遭遇失败的原因也是时机不对。但不能因此说错误的时机对公司来说就一定意味着失败。选项C排除。第2句查尔斯为作者分析之前所有努力失败的原因，注意信号词“because”，由于网络泡沫的破灭，大多数使用和发布小额交易软件的公司都已烟消云散。句中用了隐喻的修辞手法，把小额交易软件比作“膨胀的气泡爆破后化为一缕青烟”，暗指这些公司都关门破产。故应选A(小额支付公司关门破产)。
79． What’s the author’s tone about the future of micropayments? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Pessimistic.
正确答案：A
解析：观点题。全文最后一段用了欲扬先抑的手法，先说小额支付可能面临苦战，然后话锋一转(注意信号词but)，用双重否定指出这些软件还是可以使用的。第2句分别从网络公司和网络用户两个角度指出使用小额支付可能带来的好处，网络公司可以摆脱广告拦截竞备赛，网络用户不再受网络广告的困扰，一举两得。由此可见作者对小额支付的前景是乐观的，故选A。
80． Which of the following can be the title of this passage? A．The Popularity of Ad-Blocker Technology B．The Problems Caused by Online Ads C．The Way to Banish Online Ads D．The Failure of Micropayments
正确答案：C
解析：主旨题。该题要求选取文章标题。梳理全文可以看出，作者从网络广告这个问题入手，着重提出解决这一问题的办法——用广告拦截软件或使用小额
支付。选项A和D都只是文章中涉及的部分内容，不能统领全文。故排除。可以看出两个解决方案都是为了消除广告，因此选C(消除网络广告的方法)。需注意，因为前两段都在说广告是一个问题，容易误选B(网络广告带来的问题)。
For more than 50 years, microbiologists in the U.S. and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning farms into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria. Farmers responded that restricting antibiotics in livestock would devastate the industry and significantly raise costs to consumers. We have empirical data that should resolve this debate. Since 1995, Denmark has enforced progressively tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in raising pigs, poultry and other livestock. In the process, it has shown that it’s possible to protect human health without hurting farmers. Farmers in many countries use antibiotics in two key ways: (1) at full strength to treat sick animals and (2) in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or “sub-therapeutic” dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. Because bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could hardly design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance. The data from multiple studies over the years support the conclusion that low doses of antibiotics in animals increase the number of drug-resistant microbes in both animals and people. As Joshua M. Scharfstein, a principal deputy commissioner at the Food and Drug Administration, put it, “You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and ... find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals.” And this science is what led Denmark to stop sub-therapeutic dosing of chickens, pigs and other farm animals. Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultry industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year. But after Danish farmers started leaving piglets together with their mothers a few weeks longer to bolster their immune systems naturally, the animals’ weights jumped back up, and the number of pigs per litter increased as well. The lesson is that improving animal husbandry — making sure that stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature — offsets the initial negative impact of limiting antibiotic use. Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile, reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows — as if we needed reminding — that there are no quick fixes. Of course, the way veterinary antibiotics are used is not the only cause of human drug-resistant infections. Careless use of the drugs in people also contributes to the problem. But agricultural use is still a major contributing factor. Every day brings new evidence that we are in danger of losing effective antibiotic protection against many of the most dangerous bacteria that cause human illness. The technical issues are solvable. Denmark’s example proves that it is possible to cut
antibiotic use on farms without triggering financial disaster. In fact, it might provide a competitive advantage. Stronger measures to deprive drug-resistant bacteria of their agricultural breeding grounds simply make scientific, economic and common sense.
81． The purpose of this article is to______.
A．report recent advances in the use of antibiotics B．provide empirical evidence for microbiologists C．describe threats of antibiotics to human health
D．contribute to settle an ongoing debate on antibiotics
正确答案：D
解析：主旨题。本文第1段概述了全文大意：关于饲养家禽家畜时限制使用抗生素的争论，丹麦己通过实践证明可以限制使用抗生素。由此可选D(解决一直以来围绕抗生素的争论)。选项A、B、C都是文中提到的部分内容，但不是主要论点，故排除。
82． Over the last 50 years, many Western scientists have been concerned about the consequences of______.
A．giving antibiotics to farm animals
B．using antibiotics to treat human diseases
C．resistance to the use of antibiotics among farmers
D．using antibiotics to speed up weight gain in farm animals
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。第1段第1句，关键词for more than 50 years与over the last 50 years属于近义表达，microbiologists in the U．S．and Europe与Western scientists对应，第1句的谓语与题干谓语部分也对应，宾语using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals中的fat up与speed up weight gain相同。故选D(他们关注使用抗生素让农场动物增肥的后果)。
83． What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Use of antibiotics can let bacteria change their genes. B．Drug-resistant bacteria are typically killed by antibiotics. C．Antibiotics in animals can enter human bodies as well. D．Antibiotics are used to prevent the spread of illnesses.
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。第2段第2句提到，低剂量抗生素只能杀死一部分细菌，而无法杀死有耐药性的细菌，因此排除B。第3句说存活下来的携带抗药性基因突变的细菌，可以自我复制，并与其他携带抗药性的细菌交换基因(从而产生耐药菌种)。由此可见，使用抗生素会让细菌改变基因，故选A。第5句说到动物体内产生的耐药菌会转嫁给人类，而非动物体内的抗生素会进入人体，故排除C。选项D(抗生素用来防止疾病的扩散)在第2段并未提及，故也排除。
84． The tone of the final sentence in Paragraph 2 is______. A．neutral B．threatening C．ironic D．reassuring
正确答案：C
解析：语气题。第2段最后一句从字面上理解的意思是，再也没有比这个更好的保证抗药性传播的体系了。其实是在暗讽食物链是将动物体内产生的抗生素耐药性传递给人类的捷径，因此作者使用了讽刺的语气，故选C。
85． We can infer from Paragraph 3______.
A．Denmark has stopped using any antibiotics in animals B．low dose of antibiotics has little effect on human health C．drug-resistant bacteria in animals can spread to humans D．humans and farm animals have similar bacteria structure
正确答案：C 解析：推断题。第3段第1句说有数据表明在动物身上使用低剂量抗生素会同时增加动物体内和人体内抗药性细菌的数量。第2句引用约书亚的结论，通过追踪“发现人体内的耐药菌种与动物体内的耐药菌种是一致的”。可以推出答案为C(动物体内耐药细菌会转嫁给人类)。需注意的是match是“相同，一致”的意思，不同于similar“类似”的意思，考生易误选D。
86． When the Danish authorities ordered farmers to cease giving antibiotics to their farm animals,______.
A．the farmers refused to cooperate B．animals took longer to put on weight C．animal productivity quickly began to rise
D．young pigs gained less weight in their first year
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。第4段第1句提到家禽业转型顺利，但是猪的平均体重在第一年有所下降，故选D。注意B(动物需要更长时间增重)容易误选，这是对第4段第2句的过度解读。
87． What does the word “offset” underlined in Paragraph 4 mean? A．To serve as a beginning of. B．To render ineffectively. C．To set a limit on. D．To compensate for.
正确答案：D
解析：语义题。offset一词出现在第4段的第3句，句子主干为“经验是……”从句中的主语是现在分词短语(畜牧业的改善)，破折号之间具体说明了改善的方法，从句的谓语就是offsets，宾语核心词是impact，整句意为畜牧业的改善抵消了限用抗生素之初的负面影响。故选D(补偿)。
88． The Danish government’s decision in 1995 to limit the use of antibiotics by farmers______.
A．has produced healthier chickens but less healthy pigs
B．has caused concern about long-term productivity problems
C．has failed to lead to a drop in antibiotic resistance among people D．has significantly improved the health of both humans and animals
正确答案：C
解析：推断题。从第4段可以看出限用抗生素后家禽转型顺利，家畜转型较慢，但仍然增强了家猪的免疫力和存活率，可见家猪也很健康，排除A。第4句丹麦产业报告说生产率比以前更高，但未提及对长期生产力的关注，故应排除B。第4段最后一句提到“关于丹麦人抗生素耐药性的报道喜忧参半，提醒我们没有速效药”，即暂时未能降低人群中的抗药性。故选C。
89． The last paragraph tells us that______.
A．several factors cause human drug-resistant infections B．people worry about the use of antibiotics in animals C．human beings are liable to be attacked by bacteria D．drug-resistant infections bring illnesses to humans
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。第5段第1句直接告诉大家“家畜抗生素的使用方式并不是人类耐药感染的唯一原因”，故选A。注意D容易误选，耐药感染会使人们在使用抗生素时无效，增加治愈疾病的难度，而不是直接让人生病。
90． The author believes that______.
A．Denmark’s experience can be generalized B．measures should be taken to reduce bacteria C．antibiotics protection is essential to animals
D．limiting the use of antibiotics has technical proof
正确答案：A
解析：观点题。第5段第6句“丹麦的例子就证明了在农场减少抗生素的使用不会引发金融灾难。”因此选择答案A(丹麦的经验可以普及)。注意考生易误选D，其实是对第5段第5句的误读，该句说到的“技术问题可以解决”是说我们可以找到对抗耐药细菌的办法，容易让人想当然地认为抗生素的限用有技术支撑。
PART 3 Cloze Test (25 points)In the following passage, there are 25 blanks
representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put each of the blanks the missing word. The time for this part is 25 minutes.
China is the top source country of international students in the world. Recent statistics have shown a【C1】______ trend for Chinese students to study abroad at a younger age. The【C2】______ of Chinese students studying abroad has rapidly increased in recent years. According to statistics【C3】______ by the Ministry of Education in the academic year of 2010, about 285,000 people were educated abroad, up 24 percent from the previous year. The majority of overseas students were undergraduates and postgraduates, but the number of 【C4】______ students has been growing dramatically. Among the total number of students who went abroad last year, more than 20 percent were under 18 years old. Zhang Chao, general manager of EIC Group, an international education service company, explains, “Among our【C5】______ in the past two or three years, the【C6】______ rate of students going abroad was about 20 percent, while the rate of those under 18 was about 20 to 25 percent, which is higher than the average growth. Most of them go to study in high schools, and there are a few primary school students as well.” A recent survey【C7】______ by MyCOS, HR Digital Information Corporation and Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange,【C8】______ a large number of high school students are planning to study abroad. Zhang Jingxiu, Vice President of MyCOS Corporation, elaborates: “From last September to this March, we have received more than 2,900 online 【C9】______ to questionnaires. The target interviewees were high school students. We found that 70 percent of the students plan to study abroad after graduating from high school. Twenty-four percent plan to study in【C10】______ high schools. Only 6 percent plan to study in domestic universities and then【C11】______ postgraduate studies overseas.” In the survey, more than 60 percent of students say they want to receive a better education, while 19 percent go abroad to【C12】______ the stress of taking China’s university entrance examinations. Due to high living【C13】______ and tuition fees, most young overseas students come from well-off families. Brought up in fairly good conditions, many of them face various【C14】______ living on their own in a strange country. Due to language【C15】______ they also face difficulties communicating with others. Shi Yiru, consultant from Shanghai Huashen International Education Corporation, raises some suggestions. “Young overseas students should be more【C16】______ about making new friends. Although schools help【C17】______ their study habits, they should be more independent. Students with strong communication skills are easier at【C18】______ to new circumstances.” For children studying abroad, parents make the【C19】______ decision. But experts suggest parents communicate with their children and【C20】______their willingness when it comes to making the choice between staying at home and studying abroad on their own at a tender age.
91． 【C1】
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查语境推理。根据下文“近几年，中国留学生……迅速增长”可知，此句意为“最近的统计数据表明中国学生留学海外的趋势增强，留学年龄越来越小”。词义辨析：big一般形容体积，重量较大，常与具体的名词apple，book，house等搭配；large一般用来形容尺寸，范围，容量大，常与较抽象的名词size，city，family等搭配；strong意为“强大的”，常与水流，电流，潮流等意思搭配；new作形容词，意为“新的，新兴的”，比较级形式不常用。根据词语搭配习惯，此处选择stronger最为恰当。
92． 【C2】
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据下文教育部公布的数据，可以看出增加的是留学生的数目，而不是组群和种类。此句意为“近几年，中国留学生人数迅速增长”。词义辨析：number n．意为“数量，数目”；group n．意为“组，群”；kind n．意为“种类”；rest n．意为“剩余的部分”。根据词义，此处选择number最为恰当。
93． 【C3】
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据句子结构， 名词statistics后的______by the Ministry of Educations成分是定语修饰语，应使用动词的过去分词形式。从语法搭配上看，空白处的动词应与statistics构成动宾关系的被动语态。此句意为“根据教育局发布的统计数据，2010学年中国约有285 000人在国外留学，相比去年增长了24％”。词义辨析：collect v.意为“收集，聚集”，statistics本身含有“收集，统计好的数据”的意思，与collect搭配则语义重复；indicate v.意为“指出，指示”；release v.意为“公开发表，发布”；propose v.意为“建议，打算”。根据词义，此处选择released最为恰当。
94． 【C4】
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查语境推理。根据第1段最后一句“去年的所有留学生中，超过20％的学生在18岁以下”，可知出国留学出现低龄化趋势。本句先提到留学生中大部分是大学生和研究生， “but”后意思发生转折，空白处所填名词应该与大学生和研究生相反。本句意为“留学海外的学生大部分是大学生和研究生，但年龄更小的留学生人数增长迅速”。词义辨析：elder adj．意为“年长的”；old adj．意为“老的，旧的”；rich adj．意为“富有的”；young adj．意为“年轻的”。根据词义，此处选择younger最为恰当。
95． 【C5】
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查语境推理。原句较长，为直接引语，启德教育集团总经理张超分析了18岁以下留学生在留学生总量中的比例，同时联系前文启德是一家从事“国际教育服务”的公司，可推测出其数据统计来源是自己的客户。词义辨析：visitor n．意为“访客，游客”；partner n．意为“合作伙伴”；employee n．意为“员工，受雇人”；client n．意为“客户”。根据词义，此处选择clients最为恰当。
96． 【C6】
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查语境推理。根据上文可知，出国留学的人数比率是上升的，可排除B和D选项。从句子结构看，while表示转折，将“客户中留学生增长的比例”和“18岁以下留学生增长的比例”进行对照，意为“过去的两三年里，我们的客户中留学生的增长率为20％，然而18岁以下的留学生增长率为20％到25％，这比平均增长率还要高”。词义辨析：grow v.意为“增长”；decrease v.意为“减小，下降”；enlarge v.意为“(在大小、体积、宽度、长度、数量等方面)使扩大，不能与比率搭配”；fix v.意为“固定，维修”。根据词义，此处选择growing最为恰当。
97． 【C7】
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据选项可知，空白处需要填入动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰survey。根据上下文可知，此句意为“数字信息公司人力资源部，留学服务中心和MyCOS公司最近做了一项调查”。词义辨析：quote v.意为“引用，引述”； report v.意为“报告，汇报”；conductv.意为“实施，执行”；demonstrate v.意为“证明，论证”。根据词义，此处选择conducted最为恰当。
98． 【C8】
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词语搭配。分析原句结构可知，A recent survey conducted…是主语，a large number of high school students are planning to study abroad是宾语从句，省略了连接代词that，句中缺少动词。此句意为“数字信息公司人力资源部，留学服务中心和MyCOS公司最近做了一项调查，表明大量的高中生计划出国留学”。词义辨析：estimate v.意为“(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计，估价”：show v.意为“说明，表明”； analyze v.意为“分析”；imply v.意为“暗示，暗指”。根据词义，此处选择shows最为恰当。
99． 【C9】
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词语搭配。从词语搭配看，此处应选择一个可与to连接的名词，且意义应与“回复或反馈调查问卷”相关。原句意为“从去年九月到今年五月，我们已经收到了2 900多份问卷调查的在线反馈”。词义辨析：attachment
n．意为“附件”；reply n．意为“回复，回答”；requirement n．意为“要求”；suggestion n．意为“建议，意见”。根据词义，此处选择replies最为恰当。
100． 【C10】
正确答案：D 解析：本题考查语境推理。本文主要探讨了学生毕业后去国外还是留在国内学习的问题。上一句指出“调查中发现70％的学生打算高中毕业后出国留学(读大学)”，本句意为“还有24％计划在高中阶段就出国读书”。词义辨析：adjacent adj．意为“临近的，毗连的”；prestigious adj．意为“久负盛名的”；expensive adj.意为“昂贵的”；foreign adj，意为“外国的”。根据词义，此处选择foreign最为恰当。
101． 【C11】
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词语搭配。句中and then是表示递进关系的逻辑连接词，其后内容与前面的study in domestic universities形成递进关系。根据上文的数据统计可知，此句意为“只有6％的人计划在国内上大学，然后再去国外念研究生”。词义辨析：quest vi．意为“探索，探求”，是不及物动词，不能直接接名词，故排除A选项；engage vi．意为“从事”，此处是不及物动词，不能直接接名词，故排除B选项；pursue vt．意为“追求，致力于”，常与学位、学历、教育搭配；fulfill vt.意为“实现，履行”，不能与学业搭配。故此处选择pursue最为恰当。
102． 【C12】
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据上半句“在调查中，超过60％的学生称去国外留学是为了接受更好的教育”，句中连词while预示意义转折，可知后句中留学生的想法与前句不同。此句意为“而19％的人则是为了逃避中国高考的压力”。词义辨析：reduce v.意为“减少，降低”；escape v.意为“逃避，逃跑”；ignore v.意为“忽视”；deny v.意为“否认，拒绝承认”。根据词义，此处选择escape最为恰当。
103． 【C13】
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查语境推理。根据句内结构找线索，句中and表示并列，前后词组在语法及意义上应保持一致。其后的tuition fees是一笔开销，为学费，前面的词组应该也是一笔开销，为生活开支。本句意为“由于高昂的生活开销和学费支出，大部分的年轻留学生都来自于富有的家庭”。词义辨析：standard n．意为“标准”，living standard意为“生活水平，生活标准”；orientation n．意为“方向，目标”；expense n．意为“开支，消费”，living expenses，意为“生活费用”；requirement n．意为“要求，必要条件”。根据词义，此处选择expenses最为恰
当。
104． 【C14】
正确答案：D 解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据句内结构找线索，句中提及brought up in fairly good conditions“在相当优越的家庭环境中长大”，living on their own in a strange country“在异国他乡独自生活”，以及下一句中的face difficulties均说明在国外生活将面临各种困难。词义辨析：disturbance n．意为“打扰，骚动”；frustration n．意为“懊恼，沮丧，挫败”；hindrance n．意为“妨碍，阻挠”；problem n．意为“棘手的困难，难题”。根据词义，此处选择problems最为恰当。
105． 【C15】
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据上下文可知，此句意为“由于语言障碍，他们还面临很多与人交流的问题”。词义辨析：obstacle n．意为“障碍，阻碍”；priority n．意为“优先事项，重要的事”；weakness n．意为“(性格、体制、组织、设计等的)弱点，缺点”；deficiency n．意为“不足，缺陷”。根据词义，此处选择obstacles最为恰当。
106． 【C16】
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词语搭配。根据上文，留学生们小小年纪就独自一人在外求学，可能面临交流方面的问题，因此可推测此处建议学生们更加积极主动地结交朋友。词义辨析：active adj.意为“主动的”；curious adj．意为“好奇的”；passive adj．意为“被动的”；visionary adj.意为“有远见的”。根据词义，此处选择active最为恰当。
107． 【C17】
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词语搭配。本句为although引导的让步状语从句，根据下文“学生应更加独立”，推测句意为“虽然学校会帮助学生养成学习习惯”。从词语搭配上看，该动词应与habit词义相契合。词义辨析：monitor v.意为“检测，监测”，不能与habit搭配；inspire v.意为“激励，鼓舞”；develop v.意为“培育，使形成”；register v.意为“登记，注册”。根据词语搭配，此处选择develop最为恰当。
108． 【C18】
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词语搭配。句中new circumstances意为“新环境，新状况”，
本句意为“善于交流的学生更容易适应新环境”。词义辨析：shift(from…)to…v.意为“转移，改变态度或观点”；tend to…v.意为“趋向，倾向”；care v.意为“照看，小心，谨慎”；adapt to…v．意为“(使)适应”。根据词义，此处选择adapt最为恰当。
109． 【C19】
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查语境推理。上文中提及留学生年龄很小，下文中提到专家建议父母多与孩子交流，尊重他们的意愿，说明最终做决定的是父母。本句意为“对于孩子是否出国留学，最终由父母做决定”。词义辨析：correct adj．意为“正确的”；proper adj．意为“合适的”；final adj．意为“最后的，最终的”。根据词义，此处选择final最为恰当。
110． 【C20】
正确答案：A 解析：本题考查词语搭配。本句意为“当在选择国内学习，还是出国留学时，专家建议父母多和孩子交流并尊重他们的意愿”。词义辨析：respect v.意为“尊重”；praise v.意为“夸奖，赞美”；interpret v.意为“解释，说明”；elaborate v.意为“详尽地说明”。根据词义，此处选择respect最为恰当。
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