不定代词的用法知识点及练习题

1. 概念

所谓“不定”，确实是“不确信”“不明确”的意思，因此不定代词确实是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词，如someone意为“某人”，something意为“某事”或“某物”，many表示“许多人”或“许多物”，a few表示“几个人”或“几个事物”，等等。 （1）一般不定代词 ★ some一样说用于确any 用句、疑问件句中。如：

①确信句：He asked some questions. 他问了一些问题。 ②否定句：He didn’t ask any questions. 他没有问任何问题。 ③疑问句：Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?

可是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，希望对方的确信回答，通常要用 some 而不用any。如： ① Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗?

② Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some? 既然你有那么多，什么缘故不给她一些呢?

any 有时也用于确信句中，表示“任何”的意思。如：

Any of these may suit you. 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。

另外，汉语可说“任何……都不”，但英语不能说any…not。因为按英语适应，any老是要出此刻否定词not的后面，而不能出此刻它的前面。如： 我想任何学生都回答不了那个问题。

正：I don’t think any student can answer this question. 正：I think no student can answer this question. 误：I think any student can’t answer this question.

第一句用的是not…any，故正确;第二句用的是no，相当于not…any，也正确;第三句用的是any…not，就错了。 ★ many与much

二者意思相同，都表示“许多”，但用法不同，many用于修饰或代替可数名词;而much用于修饰或代替不可数名词。如：

each; every some; any many; much few; little either两者中的一个; neither两者都不 both; all none 没有一个 one other 其它的 与any 来，some 信句中，于否定句和条

① Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。 ② Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都如此浪费了。 ★ few, a few与 little, a little few 几乎没有 a few 有几个

① He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他那个地址没朋友,他感觉孤单。 ② There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 ③ There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?

④ This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点。 ★ all与both

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。

① Both of my parents like sports. 我的父母都喜爱运动。 ② All of us should work hard.咱们都应尽力工作. ★ either与neither

either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither意思是“两个都不”。 ① He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信.

② --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train. 你坐公车去仍是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。 ★ another,the other

① the other指两个人或物中的一个。

He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。

② another指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个。

I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。

（2）复合不定代词

复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等组成的一类代词。

+可数名词复数

little 几乎没有

+不可数名词

somebody （某人） someone （某人） something （某事） anybody （某人/任何人） anyone （某人/任何人） anything （某事/任何事） nobody （没有人） no one （没有人） nothing （没有东西） everybody （每人） everyone （每人） everything （每一件事） ★ 这些复合不定代词只出名词的性质，能够作主语、宾语等。 I have something to tell you. 我有一些情形要告知你们。 ★ 复合不定代词若是有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必需后置。 Someone has just come to see you. 有个人方才来看你。 There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机械没有毛病。

★ 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反义疑问句的主语通经常使用代词they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everthing, anything, something, nothing等时，其反义疑问句的主语通经常使用代词it。

Everybody is here, aren't they? Everything is ready, isn't it? ★ everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人； every one既可指人也可指物。

I'd like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。

I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保留下来。

练习题

1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here. A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many 2．There isn't ____ water in the cup. A．any B．many C．some D．the

3．The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it. A．anything B．something C．nothing

4．----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?” ----“All ringht.”

A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some

5．There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand. A．both B．all C．every D．each

6．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.

A．other B．others C．the others D．another

7．“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.” A．both B．either C．all D．neither

8．They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest. A．any B．some C．none D．neither

9．“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“ ____ ,oh, I forgot my bag.” A．anything; Excuse me B．something; Excuse me C．something; Pardon D．everything; Pardon 10．Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you. A．important anything B．anything important C．important something D．something important

11．---- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. ----____.

A．All B．Each C．The both D．None

12．There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers. A．the other B．the others C．Others D．other

1-5 BACDD 6-10 DDCAD 11-12 AB