网损

随着城镇居民生活水平的不断提高和社会经济的飞速发展，用电量急剧增加。近几年来，社会供电量年增长都在10%左右，原有的电网特别是配电网的改造显得十分迫切，线路高负荷运行、迂回供电、超过正常允许供电半径范围供电等因素至使线损增加。电网降损问题已引起广泛重视，被列为电网改造要重点解决的问题之一。电力企业从规划入手，通过调整不合理的供电区域，深入负荷中心进行供电的办法，采用各种技术措施及管理措施不断改善由上述不利因素造成的影响。

本文首先介绍了网损的概念、影响网损的因素及降低网损的原理，再结合供电企业降损管理工作的实际，描述了一些降低网损的常用措施，如改造、更新高能耗配电变压器，开展配电变压器经济运行；合理调整配电网的运行电压；加大导线截面，缩短供电半径；加强计量装置技术改造和管理；加强无功功率管理，提高配电网无功功率因数等措施，并对降低网损的经济效益进行了举例计算分析。

Abstract

With the improvement of urban residents’ living standards and the development of socio-economic, electricity consumption increased dramatically. The original grid, especially the transformation of the distribution network is extremely urgent. Recently, annual growth in the social electricity supply around 10% and there are many factors make line losses increasedly such as the line of load operation, indirect supply and more than normal to allow power supply radius. Power loss reduction problem has attached wide attention. It was listed as power grids to focus on solving problems. Electricity enterprises are improving continuously the impact of negative factors. For this reason, they start with form planning, adjust the unreasonable area and go deep into load centers to supply power.

First, the paper introduces the concept of network loss, the factor of affecting network loss and the principle of decreasing network loss. Then, combined with the actual of the electricity enterprise’s loss reduction management work, the paper described some common measures of decreasing network loss such as high energy consumption distribution transformer reformed and updated, economic operation of distribution transformer developed, operating voltage of the distribution network adjusted reasonably, the wire cross-section area increased, the radius of the power supply shortened, the reform and management of metering device technology strengthened, the management of reactive power strengthened, the reactive power factor of distribution network improved and the economic benefit of decreasing network loss calculated and analyzed.