学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习
一、选择题
1．Once you’ve ________ the items you ordered, put this record in your file. A．checked in B．checked off C．checked out D．checked withB 【答案】B 【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：你清点完订购的每一件东西后，将这份记录存档。A. checked in办理登记手续；B. checked off清点；C. checked out办理退房手续；D. checked with与……相符合。checked off“清点”符合语境。故B选项正确。
2．After I settled in, a man approached me and insisted that I ____ in his seat. I ignored him and told him to go away. A．was B．were C．be D．would beA 【答案】A 【详解】
考查insist+ that从句用法。句意：我坐好后，一个男人走过来，坚持认为我坐在他的座位上。我不理他，叫他走开。此处insist意为“坚持认为”，后that从句用陈述语序，且句子时态为一
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般过去时。故选A。 【点睛】
insist表示“坚持认为”时后接的that-clause用陈述语序，表示“坚决要求”时后接的that-clause用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。
3．The reason why he was late was ____ his car broke down on the way. A．because B．because of C．that D．whyC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他的车在路上出了故障了。____ his car broke down on the way.是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选C。 4．Julia，____ for months after job as an air waitress，finally took a position in a local tour agency. A．hunting B．hunted C．having hunted D．to huntC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查非谓语动词。主语Julia与动词hunt之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，语境中强调先后关系，强调hunt after job的动作在谓语动词took前已经发生或完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。故C选项正确。
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5．Throughout its early years, what we now call hip hop ________ without even having a name. A．evolved B．is evolved C．had evolved D．evolvesA 【答案】A 【详解】
考查时态。句意：在早期，现在被称为hip pop的音乐演变的时候甚至都没有名字。本句中在早期过程中，hip hop甚至都没有名字，从throughout its early year可以看出为过去式，所以用evolved。故A项正确。
6．—Hi， Lucy. I hear you failed the driving test last week.
—Bad luck！ When I wanted to stop my car， the brake work. A．mustn't B．won't C．wouldn't D．shan'tC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查情态动词。句意：—嗨,露西。我听说你上星期的驾驶考试不及格。—倒霉!当我想停下我的车时，刹车坏了。结合句意可知答案为C。
7．Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there. A．would be B．might have been
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C．would have been D．had beenD 【答案】D 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。
8．volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A．To study B．Studying C．Having studied D．StudiedC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在研究火山多年之后，我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。study与主语是逻辑主谓关系，且强调“研究”发生在主句谓语动作之前，应使用现在分词的完成式。故C选项正确。
9．On hearing the news, she rushed out without hesitation, her handbag on the sofa and in the distance.
A．left; lied; disappeared B．leaving; lying; disappeared C．leaving; laying; disappearing D．left; lying; disappearingB
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【答案】B 【详解】
考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：听到这个消息，她毫不犹豫地冲了出去，把手提包落在沙发上，消失在远方。句中she和动词leave是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，handbag和lie是主动关系，表示动作正在进行，用lying. and连接句中的并列谓语，和rushed一致，也用过去式disappeared.故选B.
10．Five firms ______ for the contract on the new buildings, the competition was fierce. A．to be bid B．bid C．bidding D．had bidC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：五家公司竞标新大楼的合同，竞争很激烈。A. to be bid表将来和被动B. bid表被动；C. bidding 表示主动关系；D. had bid是完整的谓语形式，不能做独立主格结构。分析句子可知，本题的主句和从句主语不一致，从句的主语是Five firms，与动词bid是主动关系。要用动词的ing形式。根据后面的“the competition was fierce”可知，只有C项符合题意，故选C。
11．____________, all have suffered at least some harm from centuries of rain, war, fire and theft. A．Although a number of tombs have survived with great damage, B．Great damage as a number of tombs have survived with
C．In spite of what little damage a number of tombs have survived with D．Providing that a number of tombs have survived with little damageC
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【答案】C 【详解】
考查状语从句。尽管大量的幸存下来的墓穴几乎没有受到破坏，但所有的陵墓都经历了几个世纪的以来的风吹雨打、战争、火灾和偷窃造成的伤害。分析句子可知，空后的句意为“所有的陵墓都经历了几个世纪的以来的风吹雨打、战争、火灾和偷窃造成的伤害。”although表示前后意思是转折的，如果选A项“虽然有许多幸存下来的坟墓遭到了极大的破坏”与后一句“但所有的陵墓都经历了几个世纪的以来的风吹雨打、战争、火灾和偷窃造成的伤害”，显然句意前后不是转折关系，句意不正确，故A错误。 B选项是一个句子，题目中已有一个句子，两个句子没有连词，所以B排除。C项“尽管许多陵墓幸存下来没有多少破坏，” 与题目中的后一句“但所有的陵墓都经历了几个世纪的以来的风吹雨打、战争、火灾和偷窃造成的伤害”是转折关系，句意完整。故C正确。D项“假如许多墓葬幸存，几乎没有损坏。”与题目中的“但所有的陵墓都经历了几个世纪的以来的风吹雨打、战争、火灾和偷窃造成的伤害”意义也不一致，故选C项，
12．When you’re done, throw it all away and _______ your new assignment. A．break into B．turn into C．dive into D．fit intoC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. break into闯入；B. turn into变成；C. dive into钻研、投入；D. fit into符合、适应。句意：当你完成的时候，将它抛开，投入到你的新任务中去。根据句意可知此处表示“全心投入”，故C项正确。
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13．The leaders of the BRICS countries Friday reached important ________ on building an open world economy and improving global economic governance(管理) during their informal meeting on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Hamburg, Germany. A．consideration B．consensus C．commitment D．confirmationB 【答案】B
考查名词辨析。句意：“金砖五国”领导者周五在德国汉堡20国领导人峰会非正式会议上上达成重要共识，要建立一个开放的世界经济并且要提升全球经济管理。A. consideration考虑；B. consensus一致；舆论；合意；C. commitment承诺，保证；承担义务；献身；D. confirmation 确认。根据语境得知是“达成共识”，故选B。 14．------Where did you first meet your boyfriend? ------It was in the department store ______ he worked. A．which B．that C．what D．whereD 【答案】D
试题分析：考查从句，做从句时，首先看从句是否缺少成份，如果缺少成份，就选择关系代词；如果不缺少成份，就选择关系副词，从句he worked不缺少成份，先行词是department store，所以选D 考点：考查从句
点评：从句是个难点，经常考到，所以做从句题时，首先看从句是否缺少成份，如果缺少成
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份，就选择关系代词；如果不缺少成份，就选择关系副词。
15．Lucy tried to help, but she was______—as if she was interfering, not helping. A．dynamic B．compulsory C．sacred D．clumsyD 【答案】D 【详解】
考查形容词。句意：露西想帮忙，但她笨手笨脚，好像是在干涉别人，而不是在帮忙。A.dynamic动态的；B.compulsory义务的；C.sacred害怕的；D.clumsy笨拙的。结合后文好像是在干涉别人，而不是在帮忙。可知露西笨手笨脚。故答案为D。
16．Despite such a big difference in _____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A．analysis B．ambition C．attitude D．agreementC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜很特别。A. analysis分析；B. ambition雄心；C. attitude态度；D. agreement同意。文中表示“尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同”，故选C。
17．— Do you mean the neighbors are coming over to discuss the problem?
—Yes, the whole thing has got intolerable, or they ________ have to be calling a meeting.
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A．mustn't B．can't C．wouldn't D．shouldn'tC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你是说邻居要过来讨论这个问题吗？——是的，整件事让人无法忍受，否则他们就不必召开会议了。分析句子可知，or意为“否则”，引导含蓄虚拟语气用would，这里是否定，用wouldn’t，故选C。 18．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．So naughty a boy he is that he has been labeled as a trouble maker by B．Down did the vase fall, breaking into pieces
C．On top of the mountain can be seen a monument clearly
D．Not until then had he realized the importance of obeying the traffic rulesC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查倒装句型。在部分倒装中，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+系动词+主语+that从句，可知，A是错误的，此句应为：So naughty a boy is he that he has been labeled as a trouble maker by。在英语中表示方向的副词如down, up 等词置于句首，句子的主语是名词时才能完全倒装，而不是部分倒装。B项的句子Down the vase fall, breaking into pieces应该为：Down the vase fell, breaking into pieces。所以C项On top of the mountain can be seen a monument clearly符合完全倒装。D项Not until then had he realized the importance of obeying the traffic rules是部分倒装，但英语中not...until...的主语一般不用完成时，主句一般现在时，或一般将来时，一般过
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去时，所以应该为：D. Not until then did he realize the importance of obeying the traffic rules。故选C。
19．You can apply for a foreign university on the Internet by yourself, or ________ you can turn to a special agency which can do it for you. A．appropriately B．alternatively C．additionally D．apparentlyB 【答案】B 【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你可以自己在网上申请国外的大学，或者作为一种选择，你也可以求助于一个能帮你做这件事的特别机构。A. appropriately适当地；B. alternatively作为一种选择；C. additionally此外；D. apparently明显地。根据后文you can turn to a special agency which can do it for you.可知，此处表示“作为一种选择”符合语境，故选B项。
20．The government will set up a group to__________ways to improve the people’s living standard. A．run into B．get into C．look into D．break intoC 【答案】C 【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府将成立一个小组去研究提高人民生活标准的方法。A. run into偶然遇见；B. get into进入；C. look into研究；D. break into闯入。根据“ improve the people’s living standard.”可知，政府将成立一个小组去研究提高人民生活标准的方法。故C项正确。
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21．China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A．in line with B．in reply to C．in return for D．in honour ofA 【答案】A 【详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与……一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为……的报答；D. in honour of为纪念，为庆祝。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注它们用法上的区别。
22．-Your spoken English is so goo D．Have you been abroad?
-Yes．I in America for three years． A．will stay B．stayed C．had stayed D．have been stayingB 【答案】B
句意：---您的英语口语那么好。您在国外呆过？---是的。我在美国呆了三年。根据语境在美国呆的动作应该发生在过去，因为说话的人已经回来。应用一般过去时。故选B。
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23．Up to now, Marin _____in the library for about two hours. A．read B．had read C．has been reading D．would readC 【答案】C
试题分析：考查时态。句意：到目前为止，Marin已经在图书馆看了大约两个小时书了。根据“up to now”可知，这里说的是现在的情况，排除B、D；Marin已经看了两小时书，有可能继续看下去，应该用现在完成进行时，故选C。 考点：考查时态
24．As is known to all, the candidate __________ his last chance of winning the election when he said the wrong thing on TV. A．gave out B．gave off C．gave away D．gave upC 【答案】C
A发出；B发出（光和热）；C赠送，葬送；D放弃。句意：众所周知，候选人当他在电视上说错事时，就失去了自己竞选获胜的最后机会。 故选C。
25．The art historians tried to figure out how the temple __________ when built around 15 B． C．
A．might look
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B．might have looked
C．must look
D．must have lookedB 【答案】B 【详解】
考查情态动词。句意：艺术史学家们试图弄清楚这座寺庙在公元前15世纪被建的时候可能看起来是怎样的。might have done是对过去事情没有把握的肯定推测，故选B。
26．Shoppers are also less likely to queue for long if the item they are buying is of low value, and ____ food and drink shopkeepers are having to find new ways to deliver good customer service. A．in the end B．after all C．as a result
D．on the contraryC 【答案】C
考查短语辨析。 in the end 最后，after all毕竟，终究，as a result结果，on the contrary正相反，句意：如果购物者他们买的物品价值很低，他们不可能排好长的队，结果，食品店主正在找新的方法来传递给顾客好的服务。故选C。
27．I’d like to thank you for the great of being addressing this assembly, sharing my opinion of living a low-carbon life. A．privilege B．principle C．possibility D．presentationA 【答案】A
考查形容词辨析。句意：我很荣幸地感谢您给我在这次大会上发言的机会，能够发表有关于我
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如何践行低碳生活的观点。A. privilege荣幸； B. principle 原则；C. possibility 可能性；D. presentation 呈现。根据语境判断出是一份荣幸。故选A。
28．As life itself tells us, in a repetitive life is not the proper way to live it. A．trapping B．trapped C．being trapped D．having trappedC 【答案】C
考查现在分词的被动形式。句意：正如生活本身告诉我们的那样，被困在重复的生活中并不是正确的生活方式。此处是动词-ing形式做主语，表示“被困住”是被动意思，故选C. 【名师点睛】 现在分词的被动形式
现在分词的被动形式结构：being + 过去分词(done)
意义：表示其逻辑主语（被修饰的名词等）为现在分词动作的承受者. 例句1：The building being built is our library. 翻译：正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆.
分析：building 和build是被动关系，指楼正被建。being built 作名词building的定语. 例句2：The question being discussed is of great importance. 翻译：正在讨论的这个问题非常重要.
分析：question 和discuss是被动关系，表示问题正被讨论。being discussed 作名词question的定语.
29．This time yesterday Jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV. A．repaired, didn’t watch
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B．was repairing, watched C．repaired, watched
D．was repairing, wasn’t watchingD 【答案】D 【详解】
考查时态。句意：昨天的这个时候Jack正在修自行车，而不是看电视。表示过去的某一时间点正在做的事情应该用过去进行时，故D项正确。
30．I failed in the final exam last term and only then the importance of study. A．I realized B．I realize C．had I realized D．did I realizeD 【答案】D 【详解】
考查部分倒装。句意：我上学期期末考试不及格，直到那时我才意识到学习的重要性。首先由时间状语then确定时态为一般过去时，而时间状语由only引出放于句首，句子产生部分倒装，即助动词提前到主语之前，其他成分保持位置不变。故选D。
31．In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being for the better, more expensive kind. A．maintained B．cancelled C．substituted D．depositedC 【答案】C
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试题分析：A. maintained维持，B. cancelled取消， C. substituted替换，D. deposited储蓄，寄存，放置，安置，句意：在生产中，便宜的材料被不断的替换成更好的，更贵的品种。所以选C。
考点：考查动词辨析
32．（2018·海淀二模）Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family. A．mirrored B．to mirror C．mirroring D．mirrorC 【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。句意：红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical是主句，_______the fortunes of Cao’s own family是定语，修饰Dream of the Red Chamber，Dream of the Red Chamber和mirror之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做定语，C选项正确。
33．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them ________ live is quite another. A．perform B．performing C．to perform
D．being performedD 【答案】D
考查非谓语动词。句意：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知，perform与其逻辑主语them之间为动宾关系，要选被动意义的选项，而本
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题四个选项中只有D项表被动意义，其他三项皆为主动意义，being performed为现在分词的被动式，作宾语them的补足语，故D项正确。
34．_____ to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day. A．Learning B．To learn C．Learned D．LearnD 【答案】D
考查祈使句。句意：学会明智地管理时间，那么你可以充分利用每一天。根据句中and可知，此处是并列句，所以and前面应该是一个简单句，故选D。
35．The twostory building has turned into a teahouse，among previous owners were many well-known actors and actresses. A．whose B．which C．what D．whomA 【答案】A
考查定语从句。四个选项中，只有whose能在定语从句中充当定语。whose既可指人，也可指物。根据句意可知选Ａ。
36．So large is the Pacific， 30% of the earth’s surface，that the energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes. A．covered B．covering C．having covered
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D．being coveredB 【答案】B
考查现在分词。句意为：太平洋是如此之大，覆盖了地球30%的表面，以至于它的升温所产生的能量足以引发一系列的气候变化。the Pacific与cover之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。
37．---- Why is Tom in the teacher’s office?
---- He was said _________ with John when the class teacher entered the classroom. A．fighting B．to fight
C．to have been fighting D．to be fightingD 【答案】D 【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：——汤姆为什么在老师的办公室里?——据说当班主任走进教室时，他正在和约翰打架。表示“据说某人做某事”是sb. is said to do, said后用动词不定式。此处表示老师进入教室时动作正在发生，用不定式的进行时to be doing.故选D.
38．—With his leg ________ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match. —I ________ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital. A．injuring; have contacted B．being injured; have contacted C．to be injured; contacted D．injured; contactedD 【答案】D 【详解】
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考查过去分词和动词时态。句意：——因为他的腿在比赛里受伤了，恐怕Tony不能参加下一场比赛了。——几天前我联系了他的家人，他妈妈说他还在住院。第一空中过去分词injured表示“受伤”的状态，第二空根据所在句子的时间状语是the other day，用一般过去时，所以要填过去式contacted。故D项正确。
39．_____ to the research work in the lab is a distinguished expert from China who has won great achievements in this field. A．Committed
B．Having been committed C．Having committed D．Being committedA 【答案】A 【详解】
考查完全倒装。句意：在实验室全身心地致力于这项工作的是一位杰出的中国专家，他在这一领域取得了巨大的成就的。本句可改为A distinguished expert from China who has won great achievements in this field is committed to the research work in the lab.主语是a distinguished expert,后面被一定语从句who has won great achievements in this field修饰,is是系动词，committed to the research work in the lab是表语。本句为避免头重脚轻，使用了完全倒装,即表语+系动词+主语。Be committed to doing sth为固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事，全身心做某事”。所以C项是错误的。而B项一般作状语，D项表动作正在进行，或做主语时才用。故选A项。 40．in the heavy traffic, we had no choice but in the car. A．Stuck; wait B．Stuck; to wait C．Sticking; to wait D．Sticking; waitB
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【答案】B
考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：在拥挤的交通中，我们别无选择，只能在车里等着。Stick和we是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式；have no choice but to do something除了做某事别无选择，故选B。
点睛：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构
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