Apache-Compile-HOWTO

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Apache Compile HOWTO

Table of Contents

Apache Compile HOWTO.................................................................................................................................1Luc de Louw............................................................................................................................................11. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................31.1. Contributors and Contacts................................................................................................................31.2. Why I wrote this document...............................................................................................................31.3. What this document is supposed to be..............................................................................................31.4. What this document doesn't do for you............................................................................................31.5. Platforms...........................................................................................................................................41.6. Copyright Information......................................................................................................................41.7. Disclaimer.........................................................................................................................................41.8. New Versions....................................................................................................................................51.9. Credits...............................................................................................................................................51.10. Feedback.........................................................................................................................................51.11. Translations.....................................................................................................................................51.12. About the author.............................................................................................................................52. Prerequisites......................................................................................................................................................52.1. General..............................................................................................................................................52.2. OpenSSL...........................................................................................................................................62.3. GNU Database System.....................................................................................................................72.4. MySQL.............................................................................................................................................72.5. Building mm.....................................................................................................................................93. Getting, build and install Apache with its basic modules.................................................................................93.1. Get and untar the Apache Source......................................................................................................93.2. mod_ssl...........................................................................................................................................103.3. mod_perl.........................................................................................................................................113.4. Configure and build Apache...........................................................................................................124. Additional modules.........................................................................................................................................124.1. mod_dav..........................................................................................................................................134.2. auth_ldap.........................................................................................................................................134.3. mod_auth_mysql.............................................................................................................................144.4. mod_dynvhost.................................................................................................................................154.5. mod_roaming..................................................................................................................................165. Compressed delivery.......................................................................................................................................175.1. mod_gzip........................................................................................................................................185.2. mod_gunzip....................................................................................................................................186. mod_php and its prerequisites........................................................................................................................196.1. What is mod_php............................................................................................................................196.2. Prerequisites....................................................................................................................................196.3. Building and installing PHP4.........................................................................................................237. PHP extensions...............................................................................................................................................247.1. APC (Alternative PHP−cache).......................................................................................................247.2. Zend−Optimizer (Do _NOT_ combine with APC−Cache!)...........................................................258. Jakarta Tomcat................................................................................................................................................268.1. What is Tomcat...............................................................................................................................268.2. Prerequisites....................................................................................................................................268.3. Download the binaries....................................................................................................................278.4. mod_jk............................................................................................................................................289. Further Information.........................................................................................................................................299.1. News groups....................................................................................................................................299.2. Mailing Lists...................................................................................................................................309.3. HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................319.4. Local Resources..............................................................................................................................31i

Apache Compile HOWTO

Table of Contents

Apache Compile HOWTO9.5. Web Sites........................................................................................................................................31Notes......................................................................................................................................................3210. Questions and Answers.................................................................................................................................33ii

Apache Compile HOWTO

Luc de Louw

luc at delouw.ch

Revision HistoryRevision 1.9.182003−02−09

Added XML and Sablotron support to PHP, dropped support for mod_jserv, added mod_jk support, enhancedsupport for Tomcat, updated software mentioned in the HOWTO, minor SGML enhancementsRevision 1.9.172002−10−16

Updated software mentioned in the HOWTO, Further SGML enhancements and cleanups like moremetadata, callouts and others.Revision 1.9.162002−07−04

Updated the software mentioned in the HOWTO, added LogFormat config for mod_gzip. Added gdbm toprerequisites. Lot of SGML enhancements like more metadata, and a revised FAQ section.Revision 1.9.152002−06−19

Updated to mod_ssl−2.8.9−1.3.26 and removed the temporary patch.Revision 1.9.142002−06−19

Updated to Apache 1.3.26 to fix security−hole CERT CA−2002−17 it is strongly recommended that usersshould update immediately, Added (temporary) patch to get mod_ssl 2.8.8 working with 1.3.26, Added−−without−debug to MySQL configureRevision 1.9.132002−06−15

updates of software mentioned in the HOWTO, added how to bind MySQL to a specific IP, some minorchanges and correctionsRevision 1.9.122002−04−22

Added mod_gzip and mod_gunzip, Corrected some typos, updates of software mentioned in the HOWTO,separated the additional modules into an own section.Revision 1.9.112002−04−07

Corrected lots of typos (non−technical), updates of software mentioned in the HOWTORevision 1.9.11−pre12002−03−15

Corrected some grammar, updates of software mentioned in the HOWTORevision 1.9.102002−03−09

Corrected some grammar, updates of software mentioned in the HOWTORevision 1.9.92002−02−11

Fixed a major bug in openssl config, restructured the document, added sources for further informationsRevision 1.9.82002−02−08

Updates of software mentioned in the HOWTO, and fixed some bugsRevision 1.9.72001−12−26

Updates of software mentioned in the HOWTO, tested the HOWTO procedures on Linux running on IBMS/390 (zSeries) Machines (See \"platforms\" for more info), Added some basic support for Tomcat (Binariesonly)

Revision 1.9.62001−10−27

Updates of software mentioned in the HOWTO, and fixed some bugsRevision 1.9.52001−08−27Yet another rewrite in DocBook 3.1Apache Compile HOWTO

Apache Compile HOWTO

Revision 1.9.42001−08−26

Updated the Software−Versions mentioned in the document, corrected some typosRevision 1.9.32001−06−23Current Version 2.0.0−pre3 in Linux DocBook formatRevision 1.0.02000−08−05First publication of the html−based document

This document describes howto compile the Apache Webserver with the most important modules likemod_perl, mod_dav, mod_auth_ldap, mod_dynvhost, mod_roaming, mod_jserv, and mod_php

Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Contributors and Contacts1.2. Why I wrote this document1.3. What this document is supposed to be1.4. What this document doesn't do for you1.5. Platforms1.6. Copyright Information1.7. Disclaimer1.8. New Versions1.9. Credits1.10. Feedback1.11. Translations1.12. About the author2. Prerequisites2.1. General2.2. OpenSSL2.3. GNU Database System2.4. MySQL2.5. Building mm3. Getting, build and install Apache with its basic modules3.1. Get and untar the Apache Source3.2. mod_ssl3.3. mod_perl3.4. Configure and build Apache4. Additional modules4.1. mod_dav4.2. auth_ldap4.3. mod_auth_mysql4.4. mod_dynvhost4.5. mod_roaming5. Compressed delivery5.1. mod_gzip5.2. mod_gunzip6. mod_php and its prerequisites6.1. What is mod_php6.2. Prerequisites6.3. Building and installing PHP47. PHP extensions7.1. APC (Alternative PHP−cache)7.2. Zend−Optimizer (Do _NOT_ combine with APC−Cache!)8. Jakarta TomcatApache Compile HOWTO

Apache Compile HOWTO

8.1. What is Tomcat8.2. Prerequisites8.3. Download the binaries8.4. mod_jk9. Further Information9.1. News groups9.2. Mailing Lists9.3. HOWTO9.4. Local Resources9.5. Web Sites10. Questions and AnswersSecurity hole in Apache older than 1.3.26

Do NOT use any Apache version older than 1.3.26. See

http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA−2002−17.html for more information1. Introduction

1.1. Contributors and Contacts

First I would thank all those people who send questions and suggestions that made a further development ofthis document possible. It shows me, sharing knowledge is the right way. I would encourage you to send memore suggestion, just write me an email .

1.2. Why I wrote this document

All Linux distributions I tested had a non−optimal default setup of Apache. Additionally all majordistributions don't have current versions of Apache.

Finally most commercial Unix are delivered without pre−installed Apache, or using a very strange setup.Since I am installing a lot of customized webservers on different Unixes therefor I wrote a plaintext documentand placed it on my website so I can access it at work. Later a friend posted the URL to a mailinglist, and thefirst questions arrived. So I decided to put more information on the page.

After a lot of people requested the document as an »official« HOWTO written in SGML, I decided to prepareit to be one.

1.3. What this document is supposed to be

Compiling all the items described below needs a lot of configure−options that nobody can memorize. This issupposed to be a copy−paste−ready text to compile Apache and friends.

Also, people should learn how to build a full−featured Apache webserver by themself to be independent fromany Linux distributors.

1.4. What this document doesn't do for you

It is just a Document, not a script that makes the work for you. You have to do all the steps by yourself.

1. Introduction3

Apache Compile HOWTO

1.5. Platforms

The original document was for all major Unix platforms. Now the HOWTOs are separated for each platform.You will find the same document adapted for:

• Linux (This Document)• IBM AIX 4.3 and 5.1L• Sun Solaris 6/7/8

• Hewlett−Packard HP−UX 11• {Free|Net|Open}−BSD

Important Notice for users running Linux on IBM S/390 (zSeries): PostgreSQL and Jserv wont compile onthat system. All other programs and modules mentioned in the HOWTO are working perfectly

Other Unix platforms: Feel free to create a guest−account for me on your Unix platform, so I can have a lookat the differences.

Windows−Users: I'm sorry, I'm too young for a heart−attack, You will need to upgrade your machine to a»real« operating system ;−)

1.6. Copyright Information

Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their respective authors. LinuxHOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or

electronic, as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed andencouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any such distributions.

All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating any Linux HOWTO documents must becovered under this copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO andimpose additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under certainconditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through as many channels as possible.However, we do wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of anyplans to redistribute the HOWTOs.

If you have any questions, please contact 1.7. Disclaimer

No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples and other contentat your own risk. As this is a new edition of this document, there may be errors and inaccuracies, that may ofcourse be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely, the author(s)do not take any responsibility for that.

All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a termin this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.

1.5. Platforms4

Apache Compile HOWTO

You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before major installation and backups atregular intervals.

1.8. New Versions

This is the 15th Revision

New revisions of this document will be announced at

http://freshmeat.net/projects/apache−compile−howto/?topic_id=905The latest version of this document is to be found at http://www.delouw.ch/linux• HTML.• Postscript (ISO A4 format).• Acrobat PDF.• SGML Source.• HTML gzipped tarball.1.9. Credits

I would thank all the nice people at < discuss at linuxdoc.org> for supporting me in writingHOWTOs

1.10. Feedback

Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Without your submissions and input, this documentwouldn't exist. Please send your additions, comments and critics to the following email address : .

1.11. Translations

At the moment there are translations available for:

• German• FrenchTranslations to other languages are always welcome. If you translated this document, please let me know, so Ican set a link here.

1.12. About the author

Luc (in english Luke) is 29 years old, playing around with computers since 20years. Currently he is workingas Unix System Engineer for an IT−corporation located in Kloten (Zurich), Switzerland. Main−focus isdeveloping all flavors of innovative Systems running on Linux (and other Un*xes) . Further, for all majorUn*x platforms all the 󰀀impossible󰀀 tasks will end up on his desk (yes, its funny and he loves it!)

2. Prerequisites

2.1. General

• flex 2.54• bison 1.281.8. New Versions

Apache Compile HOWTO

• autoconf 2.52• automake 1.4• libtool 1.4• yacc 91.7.30

• freetype2−devel [1]• re2c [2]To be continued

All major distributions should include this general prerequisites. 󰀀

2.2. OpenSSL

2.2.1. What is OpenSSL

The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust, commercial−grade,full−featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSLv2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocols as well as a full−strengthgeneral purpose cryptography library. The project is managed by a worldwide

community of volunteers that use the Internet to communicate, plan, and develop theOpenSSL toolkit and its related documentation.

OpenSSL is based on the excellent SSLeay library developed by Eric A. Young andTim J. Hudson. The OpenSSL toolkit is licensed under an Apache−style license, whichbasically means that you are free to get and use it for commercial and non−commercialpurposes subject to some simple license conditions.

From authors points of view, its the basic to build a secure Unix−Server with

Opensource Software, its needed for all major products like mod_ssl, OpenSSH and lotof other stuff that provides encrypted Data−processing

−−www.openssl.org

OpenSSL provides the libraries and include−files needed be the products mentioned above and also provides aApplication to build Server and client−Certificates.2.2.2. Download the sourceOrigin−Site http://www.openssl.org2.2.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf openssl−0.9.7.tar.gzcd openssl−0.9.7./config shared make

make testmake install

echo \"/usr/local/ssl/lib\" >> /etc/ld.so.confldconfig

Select your CPU to improve speed2.2. OpenSSL

Apache Compile HOWTO

By default the Makefile generates code for the i486 CPU. You can change this by editing the

Makefile after running configshared. Search for −m486 and replace it i.e with −march=athlon

2.3. GNU Database System

2.3.1. What is gdbm

GNU dbm is a set of database routines that use extensible hashing. It works similar tothe standard UNIX dbm routines.

−−www.gnu.org/software/gdbm

The GNU dbm is a very important application used by almost every distribution. So it is installed by defaulton all distributions I tested.

In all probability the needed header files which are mandatory to build Apache with mod_rewrite and PHP arenot installed by default. Please consult your distributions CD/DVD and install the devel package (The versioncan vary):

rpm −i gdbm−devel−1.8.0−546

This procedure is verified for SuSE and Redhat. Please confirm for other RPM based systems like Mandrake.Debian will follow as soon as possible.

Users of Debian bases systems can install gdbm as follow:

apt−get install libgdbmg1−dev

2.3.2. Building and installing by yourself

In the unlikely case that your distribution does not contain gdbm here the instructions how to build it.

./configure make

make installldconfig

2.4. MySQL

2.4.1. What is MySQL

MySQL is a very fast, powerful and very nice to handle Database.

Especially for webapplications where most access is read and few write, MySQL is the first choice. Thenewest Version is also transaction−capable. If you plan a Webapplication, that writes a lot of Data into theDB, maybe PostgreSQL is better suited for your project see Section 6.2.4 for installation hintsYou need the C−API from MySQL for compiling PHP if you wish MySQL−Support in PHP. It is also neededif you want to use mod_authmysql, See Section 4.3 for more information2.3. GNU Database System7

Apache Compile HOWTO

2.4.2. Download

Origin−Site: http://www.mysql.com/downloads/2.4.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mysql−3.23.55.tar.gz cd mysql−3.23.55

./configure \\

−−prefix=/usr/local/mysql \\−−enable−assembler \\−−with−innodb \\−−without−debugmake

make install

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db

echo /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql >> /etc/ld.so.conf ldconfig

For security−improvement add a MySQL−user on your system e.g. »mysql«.

chown −R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var

You may wish to start MySQL automatically at boottime, copy

/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server to /etc/init.d/ (or wherever yourrc−script are located) and create the corresponding symbolic link in the runlevel directories.

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/ln −s /etc/init.d/mysql.server /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S20mysqlln −s /etc/init.d/mysql.server /etc/init.d/rc3.d/K20mysql

2.4.4. Securing MySQL

This part is only optional, and describes how to bind the MySQL daemon to the localhost IP

I suggest to just bind MySQL to the loopback−interface 127.0.0.1. This makes sure nobody can connect toyour MySQL−Daemon via the network. But of course it only makes sense if MySQL runs on the same boxlike the webserver.

edit /etc/init.d/mysql.server and edit line 107 as following:Original line:

$bindir/safe_mysqld −−datadir=$datadir −−pid−file=$pid_file&

Changed line:

$bindir/safe_mysqld −−datadir=$datadir −−pid−file=$pid_file \\−−bind−address=127.0.0.1&

Here you can define to which interface MySQL should be bound

2.4. MySQL

Apache Compile HOWTO

Alternatively you can completely disable the networking functionality of MySQL.

$bindir/safe_mysqld −−datadir=$datadir −−pid−file=$pid_file \\−−skip−networking &

2.5. Building mm

2.5.1. What is mm

The MM library is a 2−layer abstraction library which simplifies the usage of sharedmemory between forked (and this way strongly related) processes under Unixplatforms. On the first layer it hides all platform dependent implementation details

(allocation and locking) when dealing with shared memory segments and on the secondlayer it provides a high−level malloc(3)−style API for a convenient and well knownway to work with data−structures inside those shared memory segments.

−−www.engelschall.com

It is a common library that enables Unix programmers to simplify shm (Shared memory) accesses. It is usedby many products, e.g. PHP and mod_ssl2.5.2. Download

Origin Site: ftp://ftp.ossp.org/pkg/lib/mm/mm−1.2.2.tar.gz2.5.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mm−1.2.2.tar.gzcd mm−1.2.2./configuremake

make testmake installldconfig

3. Getting, build and install Apache with its basic modules

3.1. Get and untar the Apache Source

3.1.1. What is Apache

The Apache Project is a collaborative software development effort aimed at creating arobust, commercial−grade, featureful, and freely−available source code implementationof an HTTP (Web) server. The project is jointly managed by a group of volunteerslocated around the world, using the Internet and the Web to communicate, plan, anddevelop the server and its related documentation. These volunteers are known as theApache Group. In addition, hundreds of users have contributed ideas, code, and

documentation to the project. This file is intended to briefly describe the history of theApache Group and recognize the many contributors.

−−www.apache.org

2.5. Building mm

Apache Compile HOWTO

It is simply the best Webserver−Software, it is very flexible to configure to match your needs, and it is

E−X−T−R−E−M−E stable. I personally never experienced a crash in a productive (=non−experimental stuff)environment

3.1.2. Download the source

Origin−Site http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/cd /usr/local/

tar −xvzf apache_1.3.27.tar.gz

3.1.3. Patch for large−scale sites

If your webserver should answer very much requests at the same time, and your machine is strong enough toserve such an amount of requests, you can change the limit of maximum running processesDownload the patch from: http://www.delouw.ch/linux/apache−patch_HARD_SERVER_LIMIT.txt−−− httpd.h Thu Mar 21 18:07:34 2002+++ httpd.h−new Sun Apr 7 13:34:11 2002@@ −320,7 +320,7 @@

#elif defined(NETWARE)

#define HARD_SERVER_LIMIT 2048 #else

−#define HARD_SERVER_LIMIT 256+#define HARD_SERVER_LIMIT 512 #endif #endif

This patch does increase the maximum concurrent accessing clients to 512. Feel free to increase it further, ifyou hacked your kernel and edited your /etc/security/limits.conf

Avoid running out of tasks

With wrong settings this could end as a »self−denial−of−service−attack« Be sure you have enoughprocesses left for root)Apply the patch using:

cd /usr/local/apache_1.3.27/src/include

patch −p0 < apache−patch_HARD_SERVER_LIMIT.txt

3.2. mod_ssl

3.2.1. What is mod_ssl

This module provides strong cryptography for the Apache 1.3 webserver via the SecureSockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocols by thehelp of the Open Source SSL/TLS toolkit OpenSSL, which is based on SSLeay fromEric A. Young and Tim J. Hudson.

−−www.modssl.org

3.1. Get and untar the Apache Source

Apache Compile HOWTO

This module is needed to enable Apache for SSL−Requests (https). It applies a patch to the Apache

source−code and extends its API (Application Programming Interface). The result is called EAPI (ExtendedApplication Programming Interface).

Use of compilerflags while compiling modules

Make sure any module for your Apache server is compiled with the compiler−flag −DEAPI, or yourWebserver might crash or can not be started.

Almost all modules I know adds the −DEAPI flag by themself except mod_jserv and mod_jk3.2.2. Download the sourceOrigin−Site:http://www.modssl.org3.2.3. Applying the patch to the Apache source

cd /usr/local/

tar −xvzf mod_ssl−2.8.12−1.3.27.tar.gzcd mod_ssl−2.8.12−1.3.27/

./configure −−with−apache=../apache_1.3.27

3.3. mod_perl

3.3.1. What is mod_perl

With mod_perl it is possible to write Apache modules entirely in Perl. In addition, thepersistent interpreter embedded in the server avoids the overhead of starting an externalinterpreter and the penalty of Perl start−up time.

−−perl.apache.org

mod_perl is a kind of substitute for cgi−bin's. cgi's typically forks a new process for each request, and

produces overhead. With mod_perl the perl−interpreter is loaded persistent in the Apache server and does notneed to fork processes for each request.3.3.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.apache.org/dist/perl3.3.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mod_perl−1.27.tar.gzcd mod_perl−1.27

perl Makefile.PL \\EVERYTHING=1 \\

APACHE_SRC=../apache_1.3.27/src \\USE_APACI=1 \\PREP_HTTPD=1 \\DO_HTTPD=1

3.2. mod_ssl11

Apache Compile HOWTO

make

make install

Mod_perl can not be compiled as DSO

Do not compile mod_perl as DSO (Dynamic Shared Object)! According to various sources, Apache willcrash (I never tried).

3.4. Configure and build Apache

Now the two static modules mod_ssl and mod_perl are configured and the Apache Source has been patched,and we can proceed with building Apache.3.4.1. Building and installing

EAPI_MM=\"/usr/local/mm−1.2.2\" SSL_BASE=\"/usr/local/ssl\" \\./configure \\

−−enable−module=unique_id \\−−enable−module=rewrite \\−−enable−module=speling \\−−enable−module=expires \\−−enable−module=info \\

−−enable−module=log_agent \\−−enable−module=log_referer \\−−enable−module=usertrack \\−−enable−module=proxy \\−−enable−module=userdir \\−−enable−module=so \\−−enable−shared=ssl \\−−enable−module=ssl \\

−−activate−module=src/modules/perl/libperl.a \\−−enable−module=perlmake

make install

3.4.2. Create self−signed SSL−certificate

cd /usr/local/ssl/bin

./openssl req −new > new.cert.csr

./openssl rsa −in privkey.pem −out new.cert.key

./openssl x509 −in new.cert.csr −out new.cert.cert \\−req −signkey new.cert.key −days 999

cp new.cert.key /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key/server.keycp new.cert.cert /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt

Common name

OpenSSL asks for different things. A common error is to enter a wrong \"common name\". This should bethe FQHN (Fully Qualified HostName) of your Server, i.e www.foo.org

4. Additional modules

3.4. Configure and build Apache12

Apache Compile HOWTO

4.1. mod_dav

4.1.1. What is mod_dav

mod_dav is an Apache module to provide DAV capabilities (RFC 2518) for yourApache web server. It is an Open Source module, provided under an Apache−stylelicense.

−−www.webdav.org

From the authors point of view:

DAV means: »Distributed authoring and Versioning«. It allows you to manage your Website similar to afilesystem. It is meant to replace ftp−uploads to your webserver.

DAV is supported by all major web development tools (newer versions) and is going to be a widely acceptedstandard for webpublishing.4.1.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.webdav.org/mod_dav/4.1.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mod_dav−1.0.3−1.3.6.tar.gzcd mod_dav−1.0.3−1.3.6

./configure −−with−apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxsmake

make install

Confusing filename

The filename mod_dav−1.0.3−1.3.6 suggests that it will only run with Apache 1.3.6 but it actuallywill run with all Apaches >= 1.3.6

4.2. auth_ldap

4.2.1. What is auth_ldap

auth_ldap is an LDAP authentication module for Apache, the world's most popular webserver. auth_ldap has excellent performance, and supports Apache on both Unix andWindows NT. It also has support for LDAP over SSL, and a mode that lets Frontpageclients manage their web permissions while still using LDAP for authentication.

−−www.rudedog.org

From the authors point of view:

If you like to consolidate your login−facilities to a common user/passwd base, LDAP (Lightweight DirectoryAccess Protocol) is the right way. LDAP is an open standard and widely supported.Login−facilities for LDAP:

4.1. mod_dav13

Apache Compile HOWTO

Unix−Logins for Linux, Solaris (others?) FTP−Logins (some ftp−daemons) http Basic Authentication

Tarantella Authentication and Role−Management Samba Authentication (2.2.x should support this) LDAP isrole based. That means, i.e. you can define a role »manager« assign a user as member and that user can loginwherever a manager is allowed to login.4.2.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.rudedog.org/auth_ldap/4.2.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf auth_ldap−1.6.0.tar.gzcd auth_ldap−1.6.0

./configure −−with−apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \\−−with−sdk=openldapmake

make install

4.3. mod_auth_mysql

4.3.1. What is mod_auth_mysql

It is a http−Basic Authentication Module. It allows to maintain your user comfortable in a MySQL−Database4.3.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: ftp://ftp.kciLink.com/pub/mod_auth_mysql.c.gz4.3.3. Building and installing

gunzip mod_auth_mysql.c.gz

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \\−c −I/usr/local/mysql/include \\−L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql \\

−lmysqlclient −lm mod_auth_mysql.c

cp mod_auth_mysql.so /usr/local/apache/libexec/

Add this line in your httpd.conf:

LoadModule mysql_auth_module libexec/mod_auth_mysql.so

And where the other modules are added:

AddModule mod_auth_mysql.c

Take care that the path of MySQL libraries and includes are correct.

Library path

Be sure that /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql is in /etc/ld.so.conf before compiling

4.2. auth_ldap14

Apache Compile HOWTO

4.3.4. Sample configuration

Example 1. /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

AuthType Basic

AuthUserfile /dev/null AuthName Testing

AuthGroupFile /dev/null AuthMySQLHost localhost

AuthMySQLCryptedPasswords Off AuthMySQLUser root AuthMySQLDB users

AuthMySQLUserTable user_info

require valid−user

4.3.4.1. Script for creating the MySQL−Database

just type:

mysql < authmysql.sql

The File authmysql.sql contents:

Example 2. authmysql.sql

create database http_users; connect http_users;

CREATE TABLE user_info (

user_name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, user_passwd CHAR(20) NOT NULL, user_group CHAR(10),

PRIMARY KEY (user_name);

4.4. mod_dynvhost

4.4.1. What is mod_dynvhost

It is a module that allows to define new Virtual Host \"on−the−fly\". Just create a new Directory in yourvhost−path, thats it. It is not need to restart your WebserverIt is a good solution for Mass−Virtual−hosting for ISP's4.4.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://funkcity.com/0101/projects/dynvhost/mod_dynvhost.tar.gz4.3. mod_auth_mysql15

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4.4.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mod_dynvhost.tar.gzcd dynvhost/

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs −i −a −c mod_dynvhost.c

Check httpd.conf

Notice: Take a look at httpd.conf if mod_dynvhost.so is loaded at startup:

LoadModule dynvhost_module libexec/mod_dynvhost.so

4.4.4. Sample configuration

Example 3. /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

HomeDir /

Now create a Directory for each virtualhost in /usr/local/apache/htdocs/vhosts/i.e.

/usr/local/apache/htdocs/vhosts/foo.bar.orgYou don't need to restart your Webserver

4.5. mod_roaming

4.5.1. What is mod_roaming

With mod_roaming you can use your Apache webserver as a Netscape Roaming Accessserver. This allows you to store your Netscape Communicator 4.5 preferences,

bookmarks, address books, cookies etc. on the server so that you can use (and update)the same settings from any Netscape Communicator 4.5 that can access the server.

−−www.klomp.org/mod_roaming/

From the authors point of view:

Mod_roaming is indeed valuable. Unfortunately it does not work over proxy−connection. You can keep yourNetscape 4.x bookmarks etc. synchronized on different machines. It is not supported by any other browsers,including Mozilla and Netscape 6.x.4.5.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.klomp.org/mod_roaming/4.4. mod_dynvhost16

Apache Compile HOWTO

4.5.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf mod_roaming−1.0.2.tar.gzcd mod_roaming−1.0.2

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs −i −a −c mod_roaming.c

Check httpd.conf

Check httpd.conf if mod_roaming is loaded at startup:

LoadModule roaming_module libexec/mod_roaming.so

4.5.4. Sample configuration

Example 4. /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

RoamingAlias /roaming /usr/local/apache/roaming

AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/conf/roaming−htpasswd AuthType Basic

AuthName \"Roaming Access\" require valid−user

5. Compressed delivery

There are basically two modules available for output compression: mod_gzip and mod_gunzip. They areusing different approaches to reach the the goal of bandwidth reduction.

mod_gunzip expects compressed file on the filesystem, and uncompress them if the browser cannot handlecompressed data. The benefit is a low cpu−usage, because most browsers are capable to handle gzippedcontent. On the oder side, most of today's content is served dynamically i.e. PHP, and this content will bedelivered uncompressed.

mod_gzip does not need compressed files on the system, all defined content will be compressed before

delivery. The benefit is to have the dynamically generated content also compressed, the other side is a highercpu−usage, because every request has to be compressed on−the−fly. Mod_gzip can handle alreadycompressed data i.e. index.html.gz and send it as−is.

The conclusion: You carefully have to make a decision which of the two modules makes more sense for you.If you have to pay for every GB delivered and CPU−power does not matter, then mod_gzip is the choice foryou. If response time matters (delay between request and delivery), and your bandwidth is cheap or unlimited,mod_gunzip matches your needs better.

A good page that helps you to make this decision is Martin Kiff's document about mod_gunziphttp://www.innerjoin.org/apache−compression/howto.html4.5. mod_roaming17

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5.1. mod_gzip

5.1.1. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/mod−gzip/mod_gzip−1.3.26.1a.tgz?download5.1.2. Building and installing

To successfully compile mod_gzip you need to edit the Makefile and provide the correct path to apxs

make

make install

5.1.3. Sample configuration

Put the following in your /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:

Example 5. /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

mod_gzip_on Yesmod_gzip_can_negotiate Yesmod_gzip_dechunk Yesmod_gzip_minimum_file_size 600mod_gzip_maximum_file_size 0

mod_gzip_maximum_inmem_size 100000mod_gzip_keep_workfiles No

mod_gzip_temp_dir /usr/local/apache/gzipmod_gzip_item_include file \\.html$mod_gzip_item_include file \\.txt$mod_gzip_item_include file \\.jsp$mod_gzip_item_include file \\.php$mod_gzip_item_include file \\.pl$mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.*

mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x−httpd−phpmod_gzip_item_include mime ^httpd/unix−directory$mod_gzip_item_include handler ^perl−script$mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server−status$mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server−info$mod_gzip_item_exclude file \\.css$mod_gzip_item_exclude file \\.js$

mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.*

You may whish to log the result of the compression to your accesslog. This can be done by changing theLogFormat directive in /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

LogFormat \"%h %l %u %t \\\"%r\\\" %>s %b \\\"%{Referer}i\\\" \\\"%{User−Agent}i\\\" mod_gzip: %{mod_gzip_co

5.2. mod_gunzip

5.2.1. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.oldach.net/mod_gunzip.tar.gz5.1. mod_gzip18

Apache Compile HOWTO

5.2.2. Building and installing

tar −xvzf mod_gunzip.tar.gzcd mod_gunzip−2

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs −i −a −c −lz mod_gunzip.c

5.2.3. Sample configuration

Put the following in your /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:

Example 6. /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

AddType text/html .htmz

AddHandler send−gunzipped .htmz

Now you can gzip your html files and rename them to i.e:

gzip index.html

mv index.html.gz index.htmz

Of course you have to change all links to htmz, i.e. Some page

6. mod_php and its prerequisites

6.1. What is mod_php

PHP is a server−side, cross−platform, HTML embedded scripting language.

In the beginning it was just a simple guestbook−processor, and it was growing andgrowing Since Version 3 it is really powerful Webdevelopment−language

−−www.php.net

Since Version 4 PHP capable and robust enough for enterprise webapplications. It is powerful, supportsalmost all important databases natively, and other through ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity). It a fewtimes faster than ASP on Windows Systems on the same Hardware.

There are other extensions available like APC (Alternative PHP Cache), which speed up processing about50−400% (depends on the php−code you wrote)

6.2. Prerequisites

Depending on your needs there are some software to install first. One already installed Software accordingthis document is MySQL, because its needed by mod_auth_mysql.6.2.1. IMAP client

6.2.1.1. What is IMAP client

IMAP means »Internet Mail Application Protocol« and is a substitute for the POP (Post Office Protocol)protocol. It allows to keep all Mails in different folders on the server, which (should) be backed up − Neveragain lose important email, because your local harddrive crashed

5.2. mod_gunzip19

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6.2.2. Download the sourceOrigin−Site:

Origin−Site: http://www.washington.edu/imap/6.2.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvfz imap.tar.Zcd imap

make slx SSLTYPE=nopwd

With the parameter SSLTYPE=unix you define if you need SSL support or not. Omitting means noSSL support.

Filename to download

imap.tar.Z is usually a symlink to the latest release, today its linked to imap−2001a.tar.Z6.2.4. PostgreSQL

6.2.4.1. What is PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is a very powerful and fast Database

Like MySQL wonderful for Webapplications. From my Point of view, not as comfortable to handle asMySQL. If your Webapplication performs mostly writes, or you need proofed transaction−capabilities,PostgreSQL is your friend

6.2.4.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.postgresql.org (Select a mirror close to you)6.2.4.3. Building and installingcd /usr/local

tar −xvzf postgresql−7.3.2.tar.gzcd postgresql−7.3.2./configure \\−−with−perl \\−−enable−odbc \\−−with−unixodbc \\−−with−pam \\

−−with−openssl \\

make

make install

echo /usr/local/pgsql/lib >> /etc/ld.so.confldconfig

6.2. Prerequisites20

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6.2.5. Sablotron

6.2.5.1. What is Sablotron

Sablotron is a fast, compact and portable XML toolkit implementing XSLT 1.0, DOMLevel2 and XPath 1.0. Sablotron is an open project; other users and developers areencouraged to use it or to help us testing or improving it. The goal of this project is tocreate a lightweight, reliable and fast XML library processor conforming to the W3Cspecification, which is available for public and can be used as a base for multi−platformXML applications.

−−http://www.gingerall.com/charlie/ga/xml/p_sab.xml

6.2.5.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://download−2.gingerall.cz/download/sablot/Sablot−0.97.tar.gz6.2.5.3. Building and installingtar −xvzf Sablot−0.97.tar.gzcd Sablot−0.97./configuremake

make installldconfig

6.2.6. pdflib

6.2.6.1. What is pdflib

PDFlib: A library for generating PDF on the fly PDFlib is the premier software

component if you want to generate PDF on your server, convert text and graphics, orimplement PDF output in your own products.

−−www.pdflib.com

From the authors point of view:

This is a commercial product

PDFLIB is a commercial Product. Read the license carefully to see if you need a commercial license ornot

6.2.6.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://www.pdflib.com/pdflib/download/pdflib−4.0.3.tar.gz6.2.6.3. Building and installingcd /usr/local/

tar −xvzf pdflib−4.0.3.tar.gzcd pdflib−4.0.3

./configure −−enable−shared−pdflib −−enable−cxx

6.2. Prerequisites21

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make

make installldconfig

6.2.7. gettext

6.2.7.1. What is gettext

gettext is a library for i18n (Internationalization, \"I\

6.2.7.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext (select a mirror close to you)6.2.7.3. Building and installingcd /usr/local

tar −xvzf gettext−0.11.2.tar.gzcd gettext−0.11.2./configuremake

make checkmake installldconfig

6.2.8. zlib

6.2.8.1. What is zlib

zlib is a lossless data−compression library for use on virtually any computer hardware and operating system

6.2.8.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: ftp://ftp.info−zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/zlib−1.1.4.tar.gz (select a mirror close to you)6.2.8.3. Building and installingcd /usr/local

tar −xvzf zlib−1.1.4.tar.gzcd zlib−1.1.4/./configuremake

make testmake installldconfig

6.2. Prerequisites22

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6.3. Building and installing PHP4

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf php−4.3.0.tar.gzcd php−4.3.0

export LDFLAGS=−lstdc++

./configure \\

−−with−apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \\−−with−mysql=/usr/local/mysql \\−−with−pgsql=/usr/local/pgsql \\−−enable−track−vars \\

−−with−openssl=/usr/local/ssl \\−−with−imap=/usr/local/imap \\−−with−gd −−with−ldap \\−−enable−ftp \\

−−enable−sysvsem \\−−enable−sysvshm \\−−enable−sockets \\

−−with−pdflib=/usr/local \\−−with−gettext \\

−−with−mm=/usr/local/mm−1.1.3 \\−−with−jpeg−dir=/usr/lib \\−−with−zlib−dir=/usr/local \\−−enable−wddx \\−−with−mcrypt \\−−with−mhash \\

−−with−mcal=/usr \\−−enable−exif \\−−enable−xslt \\

−−with−xslt−sablot=/usr/local \\−−with−dom \\

−−with−dom−xslt \\

Edit the Makefile and add −lstdc++ to the variable EXTRA_LIBS. This is currently only needed, whenusing Sablotron version 0.9.7

make

make install

After installing your httpd.conf is modified by axps. It should now look as follows:

LoadModule ssl_module libexec/libssl.soLoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so

If you compiled Apache with mod_ssl then the php−module will only be loaded when staring Apache with ssl(apachectl startssl). If you will start Apache without ssl support (but compiled like described in this document)you need to change this:

LoadModule ssl_module libexec/libssl.so

LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so

Copy the sample php.ini−dist to /usr/local/lib/php.ini

cp /usr/local/php−4.3.0/php.ini−dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

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uncomment (remove the # at begin of line) the following lines in/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

Apache 1.3.27 default httpd.conf does lack of this entries. You have to add them instead of uncommenting

AddType application/x−httpd−php .phpAddType application/x−httpd−php .phtmlAddType application/x−httpd−php .php3# If you want to display PHP source

AddType application/x−httpd−php−source .phps

This line is only needed if you like to display sourcecodes in the browser. The fileextension of suchfiles should be phps. /para>

register_globals

Since PHP Version 4.2.1, »register_globals« are set OFF. This can bring you in problems runningPHP−Code not using the $HTTP_GET_VARS methods. To enable register_globals edit the followingline in your /usr/local/lib/php.ini:

register_globals = On

Please be sure, if you write new software, to use the new methods. Support of old methods will bedropped sooner or later

Restart Apache by issuing the following command:

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

7. PHP extensions

There are many different extensions available for php, which can be added in your php.ini

7.1. APC (Alternative PHP−cache)

7.1.1. What is APC

APC is the Alternative PHP Cache. It was conceived of to provide a free, open, androbust framework for compiling and caching php scripts. APC was conceived of toprovide a way of boosting the performance of PHP on heavily loaded sites by providinga way for scripts to be cached in a compiled state, so that the overhead of parsing andcompiling can be almost completely eliminated. There are commercial products whichprovide this functionality, but they are neither open−source nor free. Our goal was tolevel the playing field by providing an implementation that allows greater flexibility andis universally accessible. We also wanted the cache to provide visibility into it's ownworkings and those of PHP, so time was invested in providing internal diagnostic toolswhich allow for cache diagnostics and maintenance. Thus arrived APC. Since we werecommitted to developing a product which can easily grow with new version of PHP, weimplemented it as a zend extension, allowing it to either be compiled into PHP or addedpost facto as a drop in module. As with PHP, it is available completely free forcommercial and non−commercial use, under the same terms as PHP itself. APC hasbeen tested under PHP 4.0.3, 4.0.3pl1 and 4.0.4. It currently compiles under Linux and

7. PHP extensions

Apache Compile HOWTO

FreeBSD. Patches for ports to other OSs/ PHP versions are welcome.

−−www.apc.communityconnect.com/

The author made some performance−Tests with apc and it was real surprise. A PHP−Webpage withMySQL−queries in a loop (total 10 queries) was more than 50% faster

Contra APC: If you have other users on the system coding php they maybe are not comfortable with APC,because the changes are all ignored unless you reset the cache or restart Apache. The other way, namely thatAPC checks the php−script for a newer version before every run costs speed.7.1.2. Download the source

Origin−Site: http://apc.communityconnect.com/sources/apc−cvs.tar.gz7.1.3. Building and installing

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf apc−cvs.tar.gzcd apc

./configure −−enable−apc −−with−php−config=/usr/local/bin/php−configmake

make install

cp modules/php_apc.so /usr/local/lib/php/extensions

echo 'zend_extension=\"/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/php_apc.so\"' \\>> /usr/local/lib/php.iniecho 󰀀apc.mode = shm󰀀 >> \\apc.mode = shm

Restart your Apache−Webserver. Try it out, create a php−file with the following content:

Example 7. apctest.php

apcinfo();?>

7.2. Zend−Optimizer (Do _NOT_ combine with APC−Cache!)

7.2.1. What is Zend−optimizer

The Zend Optimizer goes over the intermediate code generated by the standard Zendrun−time compiler located in the Zend Engine, and then optimizes it for fasterexecution.

−−www.zend.com

Zend−Optimizer is a freeware closed source product. On the same testcode used for the APC−test, there wasspeed−decrease of about 5% compared to PHP without APC.

You have to make your own test, to see, if you have some improvements with your own code. Be sure not toNOT use Zend Optimizer together with APC, or your whole setup will not work.

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7.2.2. Download the binary

Origin−Site: https://www.zend.com/store/free_download.php?pid=13Register at zend.com

You have to register yourself at zend.com to get access to the download−page7.2.3. Installing

There is noting to build, this product is closed−source and so only available as binary for different platforms.The filename varies according your platform, the sample is for Linux on IA32.

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf ZendOptimizer−2.1.0−Linux_glibc21−i386.tar.gzcd ZendOptimizer−2.1.0−Linux_glibc21−i386./install.sh

The install script is self−explanatory, if you compiled Apache and PHP like described in this document, youcan just press ENTER on all questions about the pathnames.

8. Jakarta Tomcat

8.1. What is Tomcat

Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference Implementation forthe Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies. The Java Servlet and JavaServerPages specifications are developed by Sun under the Java Community Process.From the authors point of view:

−−jakarta.apache.org

Tomcat is the successor of jserv which is no longer developed. Tomcat supports the latest jsp and

servlet−APIs defined by sun. Unfortunately Tomcat is very difficult to build from source, because it is usingits own building−system called \"ant\". There is also a very long list of prerequisites if you want to build fromsource. See http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat−4.0−doc/BUILDING.txt for more details − Good luck,and give some feedback to the author.

In the meantime the HOWTO is providing some basic support for Tomcat installed from binaries.The Author is searching for some volunteers who tries to build Tomcat from source and tells what steps arerequired

8.2. Prerequisites

8.2.1. Java2

8.2.1.1. What is Java2

Please see java.sun.com

Too much for this HOWTO, please see http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/relnotes/features.html7.2. Zend−Optimizer (Do _NOT_ combine with APC−Cache!)

Apache Compile HOWTO

8.2.2. Download the binaries

Go to http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/ [3],choose your platform and follow the steps on the site.8.2.3. Installing the binariesExecute the binary:

chmod +x j2sdk−1_3_1_02−linux−i386.bin./2sdk−1_3_1_02−linux−i386.bin

After accepting the license, unpack the stuff and move the resulting directory to /usr/lib and set anappropriate symbolic link

8.3. Download the binaries

Origin−Site:

http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta−tomcat−4.0/release/v4.1.18/src/jakarta−tomcat−4.1.18−src.tar.gz8.3.1. Installing the binaries

cd /usr/local

tar −xvzf jakarta−tomcat−4.1.8.tar.gzcd jakarta−tomcat−4.1.8cd binrm *.bat

echo export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java/ >> /etc/profile. /etc/profile

To enable the Tomcat manager, you need to modify

/usr/local/jakarta−tomcat−4.1.8/conf/tomcat−users.xml add a user »admin« or withthe role »manager«. The result should look like this:

Now you should be able to startup tomcat:

/usr/local/apache/jakarta−tomcat−4.1.8/bin/startup.sh

8.2. Prerequisites27

Apache Compile HOWTO

You should now be able to connect to: http://localhost:8080/index.jsp8.4. mod_jk

8.4.1. Download the source

If you like to have a native interface into your Apache Webserver, you need to build mod_jk with must bedownloaded separately here:

http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta−tomcat−4.0/release/v4.1.18/src/jakarta−tomcat−connectors−4.1.18−src.tar.gz.8.4.2. Building and installing

tar −xvzf jakarta−tomcat−connectors−4.1.18−src.tar.gzcd jakarta−tomcat−connectors−4.1.18−src/jk/native./buildconf

./configure −−with−apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxsmake

make install

8.4.3. Customizing

Now follows the annoying part, the customizing of the config files. First edit

/usr/local/jakarta−tomcat−connectors−4.1.18−src/jk/conf/workers.properties,and copy the file to /usr/local/apache/conf

I made a sample workers.properties that works with the example JSPs and servlets that comes withthe Tomcat distribution. It is based on the sample workers.properties from Tomcat

Example 8. workers.properties

workers.tomcat_home=/usr/local/jakarta−tomcat−4.1.18

# workers.java_home should point to your Java installation. Normally# you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.#

workers.java_home=/usr/lib/java2

# You should configure your environment slash... ps=\\ on NT and / on UNIX# and maybe something different elsewhere.#ps=/

# The workers that your plugins should create and work with#

worker.list=worker1

#−−−−−− DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−#−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−# Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.#

worker.worker1.port=8009

worker.worker1.host=localhostworker.worker1.type=ajp13

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#−−−−−− CLASSPATH DEFINITION −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−#−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−# Additional class path components.#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tomcat.jar

# The JVM that we are about to use#

# Unix − Sun VM or blackdown

worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)lib$(ps)i386$(ps)classic$(ps)libjvm.s# Setting the place for the stdout and stderr of tomcat#

worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)logs$(ps)inprocess.stdoutworker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)logs$(ps)inprocess.stderr

Next, you need to configure your apache config file httpd.conf. The following example matches theexamples provided by Tomcat.

LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.soAddModule mod_jk.c

JkWorkersFile /usr/local/apache/conf/workers.propertiesJkLogFile /var/log/httpd/mod_jk.logJkLogLevel info

JkLogStampFormat \"[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] \"

JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat −ForwardDirectoriesJkRequestLogFormat \"%w %V %T\"

JkMount /examples/servlet/* worker1JkMount /examples/*.jsp worker1

After restarting Apache, you should now be able to connect to your JSP's via Apache. I.e:http://localhost/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jspFor the further steps like installing your servlets and jsp−files, you are responsible by yourself...

Environment Variables

If Tomcat fails to start and/or your servlets could not be started the most common error made is havingnot all needed classes in the CLASSPATH variable.

9. Further Information

Here are some other resources available on the internet

9.1. News groups

Some of the most interesting news groups are:

• alt.apache.configuration• comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix• alt.comp.lang.php• alt.php• comp.databasesAlso check out your country newsgroups e.g ch.comp.os.linux

9. Further Information29

Apache Compile HOWTO

Most newsgroups have their own FAQ that are designed to answer most of your questions, as the name

Frequently Asked Questions indicate. Fresh versions should be posted regularly to the relevant newsgroups. Ifyou cannot find it in your news spool you could go directly to the FAQ main archive FTP site. The WWWversions can be browsed at the FAQ main archive WWW site.9.2. Mailing Lists

9.2.1. Send an empty email to Before writing to the list, check out the archive: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=apache−httpd−users9.2.2. Send an mail to with the content (not subject):

subscribe modperl

Before writing to the list, check out the archive: http://outside.organic.com/mail−archives/modperl/9.2.3. Send an mail to with the content (not subject):

subscribe openssl−users

Before writing to the list, check out the archive: http://www.mail−archive.com/openssl−users@openssl.org/9.2.4. Send an mail to with the content (not subject):

subscribe modssl−users

Before writing to the list, check out the archive: http://www.mail−archive.com/modssl−users@modssl.org/9.2.5. Send an empty mail to Before writing to the list, check out the archive: http://lists.mysql.com/cgi−ez/ezmlm−cgi/9.2.6. Fill out the subscription form at http://developer.postgresql.org/mailsub.phpBefore writing to the list, check out the archive: http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql−general/9.2. Mailing Lists30

Apache Compile HOWTO

9.2.7. Fill out the subscription form at http://www.php.net/mailing−lists.phpThere are several php related mailinglist to subscribe, some of them are also available on php.net's newsserverBefore writing to the list, check out the archive that are linked also on the subscription−page9.2.8. Send an mail to with the content (notsubject):

9.3. HOWTO

These are intended as the primary starting points to get the background information. They also show you howto solve a specific problem. Some relevant HOWTOs are

Apache−Overview−HOWTO , Apache−WebDAV−LDAP−HOWTO , LDAP−HOWTO , LDAP−Implementation−HOWTO and the PHP−HOWTOThe main site for these is the LDP archive9.4. Local Resources

Usually distributions install some documentation on your system. Usually they are located in/usr/share/doc/packages or /usr/local/share/doc

The software products mentioned here provide a lot of documentation in their source−directories. Apachedoes install its documentation in the default DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual

9.5. Web Sites

There are a large number of informative web sites available. By their very nature they change quickly, so donot be surprised if these links become outdated very fast.

A good starting point is of course the Linux Documentation Project home page, a central informationrepository for documentation, project pages and much more.

To get more information about the Software mentioned in this document, then the following sites are goodstarting points.

• http://httpd.apache.org• http://www.openssl.org• http://www.modssl.org• http://perl.apache.org/9.2. Mailing Lists

Apache Compile HOWTO

• http://www.webdav.org• http://www.mysql.com• http://www.postgresql.org• http://www.pdflib.com• http://www.php.net• http://www.phpbuilder.comPlease let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.

10. Questions and Answers

1. FAQ10.1.1. Is there such a HOWTO for Apache 2.0?10.1.2. Why you don't add a description howto compile and setup mod_xyz?10.1.3. If my clients are connecting to https://myserver.org an errormessage similar to this appears\"Certificate not valid\"10.1.4. When I request a php file, the browser want to download it. Whats wrong?10.1.5. Does this HOWTO also work on other platforms?1. FAQ

10.1.1. Is there such a HOWTO for Apache 2.0?

Not yet. The reason is that PHP 4.2.1 supports the Apache 2.0 API only experimentally and the speed of PHPis very poor with Apache 2.0. As the new Apache brings lots of new features and massive speed

improvements, I will write such a HOWTO as soon as the PHP support is stable and more performant. I'mcollecting now Ideas and wishes from users what they like to see in a Apache 2.0 HOWTO. Feel free to writean email to 10.1.2. Why you don't add a description howto compile and setup mod_xyz?

Because nobody requested it yet and I either did not know about a mod_xyz, or I did not found it useful. Feelfree to write me some suggestions what to add to the HOWTO. If there is more than one request, and it makessense, it will maybe added in further releases.

10.1.3. If my clients are connecting to https://myserver.org an errormessage similar to this appears \"Certificatenot valid\"

A: The certificate produced like described in this HOWTO is just a self−signed certificate. This means the CA(Certification Authority) is you. Your CA is not recognized as a valid CA by your users browser. You caneither install the certificate on your users machines (Makes sense in small Intranet environments) or buy acertificate from a CA that is recognized by all major browsers. An example of such a CA is Verisign

http://www.verisign.com. Such a certificate cost approx. 300 USD a year, depending on the strength of thekey (56 or 128 Bits)

10.1.4. When I request a php file, the browser want to download it. Whats wrong?

You forgot to tell Apache what to do with the php files. So the php files are not processed by the php engine.To do so, add the application type like described in Section 6.310. Questions and Answers

Apache Compile HOWTO

10.1.5. Does this HOWTO also work on other platforms?

Not sure, Solaris should work, AIX and HP−UX do not. I did not got the time to try FreeBSD yet. My goal isto provide a version of the HOWTO for all major Un*x platforms.

Notes

[1]This RPM contains the header files needed for php[2]Only needed if PHP is being built from the CVS tree

[3]There is also version 1.4.1 of Java available, but Tomcat seems not to run with that version of Java.

Notes33

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