大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷169(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷169 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Information Security. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1．很多人认为信息安全很重要2．有的人认为信息不是实物，所以信息安全无关紧要3．我认为……

正确答案： As we are living in the information age, we are readily accessible to information of our interests. Because of this, some people claim that it is important to protect the information security to ensure a healthier environment to spread information. This belief, however, is discarded by some others, because they regard information as something intangible and insignificant and there is no need to safeguard it. Information comes and goes: it is too transient to be kept in a safe box. As for me, I think the information security should be protected. First, a lot of information circulating around the Internet is associated with privacy. Once it is leaked out, it would be a detriment to the people concerned. Quite a few Internet-based financial frauds and losses result from the stolen private information Second, if we do not guarantee the accuracy of information, we would open a floodgate for exaggerated and even false messages. Ultimately, we will be confused as to what to believe and which source to trust. In light of these reasons, it is necessary to acknowledge the importance of information security.

解析： 这是一篇正反观点型的作文，要求考生对“信息安全的重要性”做出正反的论述，并发表个人的意见。根据题目要求可以将文章内容安排如下： 第1段从正面的观点论述信息安全的重要性。 第2段从反面的观点阐述为什么有些人认为信息安全不重要。 第3段提出自己的观点——信息安全很重要，并阐释其主要的理由。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：M: Hello, Miss Lin. So glad to see you!W: Oh, no, you aren’t. I’ve been here hundreds of times for the visa, so you couldn’t possibly be glad to see me again. M: But I’m really glad to see you this morning. I was just going to ring you up to let you know the visa has been granted at last. W: Really? I can hardly believe my ears! Do you realize I’ve been waiting for nearly 6 months by now? M: That’s not

very long, compared with the time it took many other visa applicants. W: This, I suppose, is British efficiency. M: Let’s not put it that way, please! W: To tell you the truth, if I were somebody who wanted to stay in another country for good, I certainly wouldn’t choose Britain. M: Why not? W: As far as I know, the living cost there is very high, compared with that in America, Switzerland, Sweden and many other western countries. M: That, I must admit, is true.W: Besides, Britain is well-known for its bad weather. I hear the sun hardly ever shines there. M: Yes, we have maritime climate. It can’t be helped. But what puzzles me now is why you have applied for a British visa after all? W: The answer is quite simple. I happen to be a student of English, and I want to get an MA degree. For that purpose I’ve decided to go to the University of London, even if it does rain every day in England. M: I see, no wonder you speak such fluent English. Here’s your passport and the visa is on this page. Now you can go and get your health certificate.1 Why did the man want to call the woman in the morning?2 What is the disadvantage of Britain compared with other western countries?3 Why did the woman go to Britain?4 What will the woman probably do after the conversation?

2．

A．He wanted her to apply for another visa. B．He hasn’t seen her for a long time.

C．He wanted to tell her the visa’s been granted. D．He was eager to send her the application form.

正确答案：C 解析：男士说他很高兴见到女士，因为早上想打电话告诉女士她的签证被批准了。即C。

3．

A．There are too many people living there. B．The cost of living there is relatively high. C．It has frequent natural disasters. D．The weather there is pleasant.

正确答案：B

解析：女士说英国不适合长久居住，因为相对其他西方国家来说，生活成本太高了。故选B。

4．

A．To research the climate. B．To visit her relatives.

C．To get her health insurance. D．To finish graduate courses.

正确答案：D

解析：女士说了这么多关于英国的缺点，却仍然要前往英国，男士对此表示

不解。女士解释说她要去完成硕士学位。D正确。

5．

A．Go abroad for study at once. B．Celebrate for her granted visa. C．Get her health certificate. D．Apply for another visa.

正确答案：C 解析：男士在对话末尾跟女士说现在她可以去弄健康证明了，据此可推测女士在对话完后会去处理健康证明。C项正确。

听力原文：M: Hi, Sue. I was wondering if you could fill me in on Monday’s class. I had to go to the dentist for an emergency and I missed Prof. Smith’s lecture. What was it on? W: It was pretty interesting. She talked about volcanoes, active volcanoes under the... uh... West Antarctic ice sheet. M: There are active volcanoes under the ice? W: Apparently so. She said they help protect the ice sheet and prevent melting. Flooding will be pretty bad if that ice melted, not only there but all over the world. M: You lost me there. Volcanoes are hot. How can something hot prevent ice from melting? W: Wait a minute. Let me check my notes. Yeah, here it is. Volcanic heat melts just enough ice to create a slippery surface on the bottom of the glacier. This water allows ice to flow out into the ocean, so the solid interior ice is protected from the ocean’s warmth. Does that make sense? M: Sort of. You mean that because the ice is flowing out to the ocean, the warmer ocean water can’t flow in. W: Exactly. And the ice that melts is constantly being replaced by snow. Prof. Smith said that if the ice sheet ever broke up and melted, the sea level would go up 7 meters. Then we would have those floods. M: Is that really possible? Or is it one of those exaggerations you hear all the time? W: As far as I can understand, it is possible, because of the global warming. I mean, if the ocean got a lot warmer, that interior ice would be very likely to melt. M: Thanks for telling me about the lecture. Sounds like I’ve missed a pretty important class.5 Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?6 What did Prof. Smith say about active volcanoes under the West Antarctic ice sheet?7 What can be inferred about the woman?8 According to Prof. Smith, what will happen if the ice sheet melts?

6．

A．He had to attend Prof. Smith’s lecture. B．He had to go to see the dentist.

C．He had to wait for an emergency call. D．He had to do some research on volcanoes.

正确答案：B 解析：男士一开始便问女士能否向他讲述周一的课程，因为那天他去看牙医而没去上Smith教授的课。故此题选B。

7．

A．They are very dangerous to the nearby community. B．They can bring rare materials to the surface. C．They produce more heat to the ocean.

D．They can prevent the ice sheet from melting.

正确答案：D

解析：女士说到，Smith教授说南极西部的海底火山能够保护冰川，防止融化。即D。

8．

A．She knows a lot about active volcanoes. B．She works as an assistant for the professor. C．She seems not very familiar with the lecture. D．She is eager to learn more about the globe.

正确答案：C

解析：当男士反问，火山是热的，它怎么防止冰川融化时，女士表示要翻笔记才知道。由此可见，女士也不是很熟悉课程的内容。选C。

9．

A．The water will flow south. B．The sea level will rise.

C．The ocean will become more acid. D．The floods will destroy cities.

正确答案：B

解析：女士随后说到，Smith教授称，如果冰川融化，海平面将会上升7米。B符合题意。

Section B

听力原文： Many studies have been made recently about hand preference in human. They have brought interesting results. It has been found, for instance, that many more men than women are left handed: that all children use both hands about equally until they are three years old: and that hand preference is not clearly marked until age six. Above that age, most people not only favor one particular hand, but they also have a favorite eye, a favorite ear and foot. We know that the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain. It seems that this particular half is the seat of emotion, imagination, and of the sense of space. And, indeed, lefties seem to be more creative than their right-handed fellow humans: they also seem to be more athletic and to do better in some professions which—like sports—require a good sense of space. In a large school of architecture, it was found in 1977 that 29 percent of the professors and 23 percent of the graduating students were left-handed—while

lefties represent less than 10 percent of the general population. Lefties manage to drive, to sew, to paint, to use machines as well as any right hander. It is not easy for them, however, to struggle with tools, school desks, automobile and television controls, and many ordinary objects. Fortunately the creation of Left-Handers International has attracted attention to their problems and caused the appearance of special stores offering all sorts of objects for lefties, including wrist-watches, musical instruments, pencil-sharpeners, cameras, scissors, and books that show them how to play left-handed guitar and left-handed golf.9 What can we learn about hand preference among children?10 Why does the speaker say lefties do better in sports?11 What is the purpose of Left-Handers International?

10．

A．They prefer left hands to right hands. B．They use both hands before age three. C．They are not allowed to be lefties.

D．Their hand preference is clear when they’re born.

正确答案：B

解析：原文提到“直到3岁时，所有的孩子大约均等地使用两只手”。故选项B正确。

11．

A．They have a good sense of space. B．They are much cleverer than others. C．They are more interested in sports. D．They have a good imagination.

正确答案：A

解析：原文提及“惯用左手的人身手更灵敏，更适合需要有良好空间感的运动职业”。故A正确。

12．

A．To advised more people to use left hands. B．To draw public attention to lefties.

C．To help people know more about lefties. D．To offer some free objects for lefties.

正确答案：B

解析：原文提及“Left-Handers International让左撇子人群遭受的困境受到关注”。故B正确。

听力原文： Are you forty years old and fat? Do you wear fine clothes? Do you look rich? If so, be careful. There is a pickpocket looking for you. World travelers, away from home and usually carrying a lot of money, are often troubled by pickpockets in foreign countries, but they should remember that there are pickpockets

in their own countries, too. A typical pickpocket is under forty years of age, usually a male. He has trained himself in running. Generally, he carries a newspaper or magazine in his hand. He may appear fairly clever and pretend to be calm. He has learned his job from another pickpocket, and he pays his “teacher” back by giving him a percentage of the money or things which he steals. The good pickpocket always operates in crowded places. Very well-dressed men and slightly drunken men are the favorite objects of the pickpocket. An average-sized department store hires about six or seven men and women who are looking for pickpockets and thieves all the time. Many police districts have such people whose only job is to catch the pickpockets quickly. But a good pickpocket knows these things and is very careful. He is especially busy on buses, trains and subways between 11:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. when there are many shoppers with much money to spend. He carefully remembers the payday of companies. Pickpocketing and stealing from a shop together represent about 75% of daytime crime in America. The sentence for these crimes is usually from three to five years in prison. After finishing their sentence, pickpockets and thieves usually advance to more serious crimes.12 What does a typical pickpocket look like?13 What kind of people are the favorite objects of the pickpocket?14 What does the speaker tell us about a good pickpocket?15 What will the pickpockets and thieves do after finishing their sentence?

13．

A．He looks quite anxious and uneasy. B．He appears to be clever and calm. C．He has long hair and a moustache. D．He pretends to be a teacher.

正确答案：B

解析：原文提及“小偷可能看起来相当聪明并假装很镇静”。故B正确。

14．

A．Well-dressed women and old people. B．Travelers from foreign countries.

C．High school students and rich teachers.

D．Well-dressed men and slightly drunken men.

正确答案：D

解析：原文提及“衣着讲究的人和微醉的人是小偷最爱下手的目标”。故D正确。

15．

A．He never steals the poor and weak people.

B．He knows where and when to steal the shoppers.

C．He knows the district very well and run away quickly. D．He comes out only on the payday of companies.

正确答案：B

解析：原文提及“一个老练的小偷很小心，他经常在上午11点到下午3点出现在汽车、火车或地铁上，因为这时有很多携带金钱去购物的人”。故B正确。

16．

A．Commit more serious crimes. B．Go to travel in another country. C．Find a new place to steal.

D．Become a teacher of pickpockets.

正确答案：A

解析：原文提及“在服完刑后，小偷经常去犯更重的罪”。故A正确。

Section C

听力原文： Well, my topic today is the doctor-patient relationship. All of us may have to see the doctor sometimes. We know the symptoms and what calls itself “the best medical system in the world”. However, the receptionist is more interested in our insurance than in our pain. We can often feel that our examination, such as it is, is being conducted by that blinking machinery. What we’re missing is the educated touch. Medicine is not only curing, but it’s also healing. And healing requires the type of medicine that we’re adopting. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology. The more critical work of a doctor happens not from lab tests, not from anything that you can measure with a needle or a number, but in the taking of the human history, which is, of course, one of the patient’s biggest... I mean, we’re all longing for somebody to take our history and see it whole-mind. Listening is the most important and most difficult single transaction. Most difficult, because it takes time. There is no substitute. And the moment you start by not giving time, you cannot listen. And listening is not merely with the ears: Listening is with your total being. And the fact of the matter is, the studies carried out in Britain and other places, show that 75% of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another 10% comes from the physical examination. 10% comes from simple laboratory tests, and 5% comes from all the complex technology that you’re launched against, and sometimes for, the patient. So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a relationship. But the doctor focuses on only one thing—the chief complaint. And the chief complaint may have nothing to do with what brings the patient to the doctor. This type of doctoring is essential, because 80% of all the problems that come to doctors are trivial. The problem is the doctor isn’t there, because the doctor doesn’t want to listen. He’s afraid to listen. He doesn’t know how to listen. He hasn’t been trained how to listen. There is no premium on listening. There’s no reward for listening. And good health begins first and foremost with caring. If you don’t care for a patient, be somebody else, but don’t be a doctor.16 What is the receptionist more interested in?17 What is the most important and most difficult single transaction for doctors?18 Where does the most valuable information that leads

to correct diagnosis come from?19 What does the doctor only focus on?

17．

A．Our problems. B．Our symptoms. C．Our pain.

D．Our insurance.

正确答案：D 解析：这是一篇关于医患关系的录音，主要讨论医生和病人之间存在矛盾的缘由，以及如何解决这些矛盾。录音开头提到，去医院看病时，前台接待员更关心我们的保险而不是我们疾病的苦痛。因此D项为正确答案。

18．

A．Listening. B．Caring. C．Treating. D．Educating.

正确答案：A

解析：录音中间讲到医患关系紧张的缘由，其中之一就是医生缺少“倾听”病人。演讲者认为“倾听是最重要也是最难做到的一种单向交流”。此题中对transaction的理解有一定难度。根据整个录音的语境，这应该涉及一种交流行为。而且讲座中间重点讲述了倾听的重要性，由此得出A项为正确答案。

19．

A．Physical examination. B．Laboratory tests. C．Medical history.

D．Complex technology.

正确答案：C

解析：录音接着讲到医生为何要学会倾听，原因就是“医生能够做出正确诊断，其中75％有价值的信息是来自于对病人过去病史的了解”。由此得出C项为正确答案。

20．

A．The main result B．The chief complaint. C．The major treatment. D．The leading examination.

正确答案：B 解析：录音最后谈到，“医生只关注一样东西——主要病状”。这里complaint由上下文的语境可猜测应该跟生病有关，而不是我们平常接触的“抱怨”之意，

因此得出B项为正确答案。

听力原文： What is the difference between loving discipline and child abuse? Some parents see a clear difference between hitting and child abuse. The major view among the parents in a survey conducted by New York University is a little bit of pain is necessary to teach a child what is right and wrong. Pain is nature’s way of teaching us. Hitting is done out of love. Child abuse is done out of anger when the parent loses control. Parents need to control their children better. And corporal punishment is one way to do that. Some other parents feel that parent should never hit their children for any reason. They want their children to learn right and wrong but not out of fear of being hit. Hitting teaches children to fear their parents, not to respect them. When a parent hits a child, what the child learns is that problems should be solved with violence. Parents are split about corporal punishment, and education experts also disagree about the issue. Some experts think that our child abuse laws sometimes go too far. Today many children don’t respect their parents. Children need strong loving discipline. Sometimes hitting is the best way to get a child’s attention to make sure the child listens to the parent. However, most experts say that there are many harmful effects of hitting. Hitting can lead to more violent behavior in children. Studies show that children who are hit are more violent when they grow up. Hitting doesn’t work well. It’s not as effective as other forms of discipline. A child may start misbehaving for the moment but over time children who are hit actually misbehave more than children who are not hit. Research shows that if you want a peaceful family, don’t hit your kids. What are the long term effects of hitting as a child gets older and becomes an adult? Violent criminals were almost always hit when they were children. This corporal punishment teaches children to be violent when they are very young.20 According to a survey, what is the parents’ major view on teaching their children?21 What does a child learn when he is hit by his parents according to the lecturer?22 What is the harmful effect of corporal punishment according to some experts?

21．

A．There is no difference between loving discipline and child abuse.

B．A little bit of pain is necessary to teach a child what is right and wrong. C．Hitting teaches children to fear their parents, not to respect them. D．Child abuse is done out of anger when the parent loses control.

正确答案：B 解析：这是一篇关于父母如何看待子女教育体罚问题的录音，主要讨论体罚和虐待儿童之间的区别，以及体罚是否有效等话题。根据纽约大学的一项调查发现，绝大多数被调查的父母都认为：为了教育孩子分辨是非，让孩子经受一点疼痛还是有必要的。因此得出B项为正确答案。

22．

A．He learns problems should be solved with violence. B．He knows the pain is nature’s way of teaching children. C．He understands parents need to control their children better.

D．He realizes parents are split about corporal punishment.

正确答案：A

解析：录音接着提到，体罚是父母管教孩子的一种方式，但打会使孩子害怕父母，而不是尊重父母，而且会让孩子慢慢意识到一旦遇到问题，就用暴力解决。因此得出A项为正确答案。

23．

A．A child may start misbehaving for the moment.

B．The corporal punishment teaches parents to be violent. C．Many children don’t respect their parents and teachers. D．Hitting can lead to more violent behavior in children.

正确答案：D

解析：录音提到父母在体罚问题上有分歧，专家们也不赞成体罚。大部分专家认为打有很多坏处，会引发孩子更多的暴力行为。因此D项为正确答案。

听力原文： Let’s talk about a social condition that many people might be concerned about today. There are a few that I wanted to touch on, but the first one is the one I mentioned in the introduction—Crime in New York City. Maybe we can go into those little triggers, because I find this really interesting, because we’re talking about such a big change that takes place being triggered by very small things. And what do you think some of those were? Well, I’m very impressed by this idea called “the broken window theory” which is an idea George Kellin has put forth in New England. He’s argued for some time that criminals and criminal behavior are acutely sensitive to environmental cues and he uses the example: the broken window. If there is a car sitting on the street with a broken window, it is an invitation to someone to break the car. Why? Because a broken window on a car symbolizes the fact that no one cares about the car, no one is in charge, no one is watching. Well, Kellin came along and said: “well, no, no, a criminal is like all of us, someone who is acutely sensitive to what’s going on in the environment and by making subtle changes in the environment, you can encourage and induce much more socially responsible behavior.” Well, in New York, we have the perfect test case of that idea. It starts in the subway. You know in the early 1980s, they decided to clean up the subway. Well, how did they do it? The subway was a complete mess. Right? It was. Crime rates were going through the roof. They bring in a man who is a big disciple of this idea, of broken windows. And what does he do? Well, the first thing he does is he picks up all the litter. The second thing he does is he cleans up the graffiti and the third thing he does is he says from now on no one will ever jump a turn style in a NYC subway station again. He puts cops by the turn styles and if someone jumps, he arrests them. Everybody said he was crazy, but you’ve got a subway system where people are killing and robbing and assaulting and raping each other, and what do you do? Once they put those three changes in place, the subway starts to come around really quite dramatically.23 What does “the broken window theory” mean?24 When did New

York City decide to clean up the subway?25 Why did the subway start to come around quite dramatically?

24．

A．Criminal behavior is totally unrelated to the hearts and souls.

B．Criminals and criminal behavior are sensitive to environmental cues. C．Criminal behavior is not so sensitive to environmental cues.

D．Criminal behavior is deep and intrinsic within the hearts and souls.

正确答案：B 解析：这是一篇关于纽约犯罪问题的录音。录音开头提到一个重要的概念——“破窗理论”，认为犯罪分子及其犯罪行为与周围的环境要素息息相关。因此得出B项为正确答案。

25．

A．In the late 1990s. B．In the late 1980s. C．In the early 1980s. D．In the early 1990s.

正确答案：C

解析：录音中间讲到纽约当时应用了“破窗理论”，在20世纪80年代初决定先从地铁开始清除和犯罪相关的环境因素。因此C项为正确答案。

26．

A．Because they deleted all crimes. B．Because they cleaned up the graffiti. C．Because they picked up all the litter. D．Because they put three changes in place.

正确答案：D

解析：录音最后讲到“纽约当局一旦实施了这三项措施，地铁的面貌立刻焕然一新”。因此得出D项为正确答案。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

No one word demonstrated the shift in corporations’ attention in the mid-1990s from processes to people more vividly than the single word “talent”. Behind the word lies the idea that more and more corporate【C1】______is going to be created by knowledge and by so-called “knowledge workers”. Manual【C2】______is worth less: knowledge is worth more. This has【C3】______shifted the balance of power in the recruitment process. Companies used to be relaxed about finding enough【C4】______people to run their operations. What they could not find they would

train, was the usual attitude. That might take some time, but in a world where people sought jobs for life time was in the company’s favour. But talent is not patient, and it is not【C5】______. Many companies found themselves training employees only for them to go on and sell their acquired skills to their【C6】______. So now they look for talent that is ready-made. In their eagerness to please this talent, companies have gone to【C7】______lengths to appear especially attractive. They have, for instance, devoted a great deal of effort to the design of their websites, often the first port of call these days for bright young potential recruits. They have in many cases【C8】______their HR departments, in part so that they can【C9】______their remuneration(报酬)packages more finely for the individuals that they really require. And they have altered their approach to issues such as governance and environmental responsibility because they know that many of the talented people they are seeking want to work for【C10】______and responsible employers.A)subordinates E)rivals I)reconciled M)compromiseB)tailor F)reconstructed J)ethical N)faithfulC)significantly G)subjectively K)labour O)valueD)vigorous H)qualified L)considerable

27． 【C1】

正确答案：O

解析：此处需填入被corporate修饰的名词，作that同位语从句的主语。知识和“知识工作者”创造出来的是企业价值(corporate value)，故选择value“价值”。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：K

解析：此处需要填入被manual修饰的名词，且语义上与并列旬的主语knowledge相对。manual labour指“手工劳动”，故labour为答案。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：C

解析：此处需要填入修饰shifted的副词，说明对招聘过程中权力平衡改变的程度。根据后文用used to和now对比说明公司变化的具体情况，可知这种改变是较大的，故选择significantly“显著地，明显地”。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：H

解析：此处需填入形容词或名词，修饰people。根据下一句内容“他们如果找不到就会培训”，因此可知本句表示对要找的人有一定要求，qualified“有资格的”符合语境。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：N

解析：此处需填入与并列句中的patient一致的形容词或分词，作表语。由not可知该词也表积极意义，说明人才缺乏耐心，也不会……。后一句提到，培训出来的员工把他们获得的劳动技能出售，由此可知人才是流动的，因此不是faithful“忠诚的”。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：E 解析：此处需填入名词，说明员工把培训所获得的劳动技能出售给了什么人。根据空格前的only for them to goon(只为自身进步)，可知sell…to rivals”卖……给对手”符合语义逻辑，故rivals正确。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：L

解析：此处需填入修饰lengths的形容词或名词。根据空格前的eagerness to please this talent(渴望吸引这类人才)，可知公司应该付出了不少。因此填入considerable“相当大(或多)的”。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：F

解析：此处需填入动词的过去分词，作为句子谓语，与have一起构成完成时，宾语为their HR departments。根据后面提到的人力资源部的一些举措，如对薪酬的做法、改变方法等，可以判断此处应填入含有“重组，重建”含义的动词，故reconstructed正确。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：B

解析：此处需填入动词原形。tailor．．．for．．．意为“为……量身制作……”，此句大意为，为公司真正需要的人定制薪酬。故tailor“使适应”符合上下文语义逻辑。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：J

解析：此处需填入修饰employers的形容词，与并列的responsible同样表积极意义。上文说到公司已经改变了对待管理和环保责任等问题的方法，原因是他们知道，很多人才希望为具有……和有责任的雇主工作的。符合语境的是ethical

“道德的”。

Section B

Postgraduate dilemmas[A]Deciding whether or not to become a postgraduate can be a daunting(令人畏缩的)prospect. Even if you are sure you want to press ahead, the chances are you’ll have a list of unanswered questions about the best approach. That’s why New Scientist has asked those in the know to talk frankly about what postgraduate life is really like and how to make the most of it.How do I choose the right project?[B]One thing all postgraduates agree on is that you need to be passionate about your research topic if you’re ever going to finish it. Skirting off with fire in your belly will give you the best chance of seeing your work through “During your PhD you will fall in and out of love with your project many times, so it is important to choose something that fascinates you and that you will want to persevere with,” says Katherine Reekie, who is in the fourth year of her PhD in genetics at the University of Leicester.[C]Think, too, about the mode of research, advises Rachel Walker, a second-year PhD student at the University of Cambridge. “You should consider whether the project will require mostly fieldwork or lab work and whether you are happy with this.” It is also useful for your project to have some similar aspects to those of other students working in your research group, she says, so that you can help each other out when you get stuck.[D]Funding availability might influence the exact area you choose to focus on “Often there will be projects available with funding, waiting for a student to take them up. This was true in my case,” says Jonathan du Bois, a PhD graduate from the University of Bristol. If you already have a specific project in mind, shop around for a department or supervisor that is interested in taking you on for that topic. Keep an open mind and spread your search as far as you can to find a university that fits your requirements.[E]Watch out for projects that are linked to commercial ventures requiring students to sign a contract that limit their ability to publish, or narrowly define the scope of their research. “I know of one horror story where a student obtained funding linked to a project to develop a medical device,” says Tristan Farrow, a fourth-year PhD student from the University of Cambridge. “Before he knew it, his hands were tied and he found himself working more on product development than science. His project took seven years and funding was a constant worry.”[F]Finally, don’t think too far ahead: the whole point of research is that you can never be quite sure where it will lead. According to Farrow, defining your research topic down to the smallest detail is like putting the cart before the horse. “PhD projects always evolve and final theses rarely cover the exact topics you thought you signed up for. You should have a clear aim but it’s fine not to know exactly how you’re going to get there,” he says. “That’s not to say you should be casual about your choice of research topic, but there’s nothing to be gained by being too prescriptive.”Will I get a job at the end of this?[G]”The market is worse than it lias been for a considerable number of years, so you are not guaranteed a job,” warns Stephen Kennedy, from the pharmaceutical(制药的)giant AstraZeneca, where up to 70 per cent of staff have a PhD. “But having a postgraduate qualification will help

you give examples of your strengths and attributes in an interview,” he says. You’ll also have good transferable skills that you can take away from science and apply to a totally different area, such as business.[H]Lorna Crombie, director of Durham-based science recruitment agency CK Science, agrees that postgraduate study can prepare you for employment—as long as you know how to show your new skills in an interview. “You need to be able to go in and tell them what you got out of the course,” she says. Focus on abilities like project management or working independently—skills that require discipline.[I]Kennedy believes it’s these skills that give postgraduates the edge. “They tend to be more active, and have the ability to work autonomously and decisively,” he says. “They tend to have a better understanding of the working world than a graduate.” Overall, he says, postgraduates are “more likely to hit the ground running”, which makes a big impact in the pharmaceutical industry because the sooner new employees are doing their jobs well, the sooner patients receive the benefits. Can I turn my PhD into a business?[J]Ever been tempted to use a smartphone to lend a helping hand in the pub quiz? If so, then chances are you’ll still be stuck when it comes to the picture round. Now, Mark Cummins, a final-year PhD student working on computer vision at the University of Oxford has found the solution. For the last year, he’s been developing a new company called Plinkart—which has created a visual search engine application for smartphones. “You take a picture of an object with your phone, we recognise the object in the picture and return the relevant information,” explains Cummins. For example, you can take a photo of a painting and the Plinkart application will find the relevant Wikipedia article.[K]Because scientists tend to be good at finding solutions to problems it means that, like Cummins, they often come up with ideas that could work well in a business setting. But does that mean it’s easy to turn your science into a business?[L]”Scientific training is intellectually rigorous so it is certainly not difficult for scientists to make a switch to business, but a significant shift in mindset is required,” says Afua Osei of the Oxford Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation—part of the University of Oxford’s Said Business School. Instead of focusing on pure scientific discovery, they’ll have to focus on context, applications, market needs and customer behaviour, she says.[M]Lecturer Davin Yap co-founded his company, Transversal, when he grew fed up with his students at the University of Cambridge emailing him masses of questions. He produced a piece of computer software which allows users to submit questions—in their own words—which the computer will understand and provide an answer to. His clients now include the Royal Mail and BBC iPlayer, but how confident was he that it would succeed at the start?[N]”Blindly confident,” Yap says. “It’s essential that you just get on with it. You’ll soon recognise what’s lacking and find ways to fill the gaps but only if you’re ‘doing’ rather than ‘thinking’.”[O]Cummins couldn’t agree more. “Intellectually, we were well aware that a high percentage of start-up companies fail but, almost by definition, start-up founders believe that that doesn’t apply to their idea.” Nonetheless, the risk of failure is still real and “it’s a huge commitment of time, effort and personal savings,” he says. However, the biggest investment is probably the opportunity cost: “Initiating a startup means not doing a postdoc or taking a well-paid job. Some people manage to combine

a start-up with a postdoc, but it’s very difficult, especially because many universities now claim ownership of any intellectual property you develop during your research.”

37． Scientists are usually good at finding solutions to problems.

正确答案：K

解析：根据Scientists和good at finding solutions to problems定位到K段第1句。本题句子与原文第1句的上半句内容一致，原文的tend to对应本题句子的usually。

38． A postgraduate qualification is an example of one’s strength.

正确答案：G

解析：根据a postgraduate qualification，examples和strength定位到G段前两句。本题句子是该段直接引语的同义表述。

39． To choose a project, students should look for projects with funding.

正确答案：D

解析：根据projects和with funding定位到D段。该段第1句提到影响研究领域的选择的一个因素，即funding availability。随后以Jonathan du Bois为例来说明应该选择有资金支持的课题。

40． Defining research topic down to the smallest details is unnecessary during the research.

正确答案：F 解析：根据defining research topic down to the smallest details定位到F段第2句。该句出现的put the cart before the horse意为“本末倒置”，暗含的意思是这种方法不可取。

41． Compared with the graduates, the advantage of postgraduates is their skills like management.

正确答案：I 解析：根据postgraduates，skills和graduates定位到I段。第1句提到these skills让研究生脱颖而出，从上一段可知these skills为类似项目管理或独立作业的能力，本题management是其中一项，advantage对应原文的edge。

42． One may lose the intellectual property he develops if he is doing a postdoctoral research.

正确答案：O

解析：根据题干中的intellectual property和develops定位到O段最后一句。该句说，启动创业的同时还做着博士后研究，这是很困难的，因为很多大学要求拥有你研究期间研发的所有知识产权成果。换句话说，如果从事博士后研究，就很难拥有属于自己的知识产权来启动创业(知识产权归大学所有了)。

43． If you want to become a postgraduate, you may have many unanswered questions about the best plan.

正确答案：A

解析：根据become a postgraduate和questions定位到A段。第1、2句说决定是否成为研究生是个令人畏缩的事情；哪怕你很确定自己要这样做，你也很可能有一长串关于最佳方法的问题有待回答。本题句子结合了原文这两句话的信息。

44． Scientists can easily turn their knowledge into business due to the rigorous scientific training they receive.

正确答案：L

解析：根据business，rigorous和training定位到L段第1句。原文说，科学训练从智力上而言是非常严格的，所以科学家转向商务当然不难。原文的switch对应本题句子的turn…into。

45． It’s important for a student to choose a project that he is really interested in and that he will want to persevere with.

正确答案：B

解析：根据project和will want to persevere with定位到B段。该段第1句提到，对所研究的课题要抱有热情是所有研究生一致达成的共识。文章引述Katherine Reekie的原话来论证要选择令自己着迷、愿意坚持的课题。原文的fascinates对应本题句子的is really interested in。

46． A lecturer created a piece of software, making it possible for users to submit questions to and get answers from a computer.

正确答案：M

解析：根据lecturer，software，submit，questions，answers和computer定位到M段。该段说的是一名讲师受够了学生发邮件来提出大量问题，于是创作了一个电脑软件，使电脑明白用户提交的问题，并提供解答。本题句子是原文的同义表达。

Section C

Amazon. com’s recent announcement that sales of e-books at the online megastore had overtaken sales of hardcover books came as no surprise. It had to

happen sometime. But the news did evoke quite an interesting mental image: libraries that from now on will look smaller and less crowded. For the moment, let’s not argue with the proposition that people will read as much as they ever have. The habits of readers may not change. But if readers aren’t changing, their environments will. Rooms that once held books will—well, whatever they hold from now on, it won’t be books. Or not as many books. Theoretically, your space will be more spare, less disordered. That’s the theory, at least. All of this has already happened big time in the music business, where downloads have gradually but surely replaced CDs. All those CDs taking up space on the wall—gone. From now on, we’ll own what might be described as the idea of stuff, since the actual physical things—records, tapes, photographs, CDs, and now books—have been as good as vaporized, with the information contained therein stored away on a hard drive. This, of course, is merely subordinate damage in the digital revolution, if damage it is. There’s as yet no way to tell if this transition is good, bad, both, or neither, but surely the absence of a physical library, be it musical or literary, marks a fundamental shift in the way we live and think about things. In music, for example, the rise of iTunes, YouTube, and all the other online music suppliers has quickly eroded our devotion to the long-playing album as the principal means of organizing music. With books, the absence of packaging does nothing to the contents. I can buy a hardcover copy of “Moby-Dick” or download it onto an e-reader, and Melville is still Melville. But I grew up loving Rockwell Kent’s illustrations of that novel, and later Barry Moser’s. It’s hard to think of the book without them. I can do that, certainly, but some little thing is lost. For years audiophiles(唱片爱好者)have tried to persuade more casual music fans that a vinyl record(黑胶唱片)played on a decent sound system sounds better than a digital recording played on the same system. Digital sound is not as warm, not as seductive to the ear. Something of the same argument might be made for books, or for the tactile(触觉)pleasure of holding and reading a well-made book. At its simplest, a book is a tool, or an information-delivery system. To conceive of a world without physical books is to conceive of a world somehow diminished. It may be more efficient—yes, you can take a “stack” of books on vacation with an e-reader. But efficiency is no substitute for pleasure. The future may be less disordered. It may also be less fun.

47． What happened according to expectation?

A．E-books would be more popular than hardcover ones. B．Readers would eventually give up hardcover books. C．People would be increasingly interested in reading. D．Libraries would look smaller and less disordered.

正确答案：A

解析：题目中的according to expectation表示“正如所料”，第1段第1句中的no surprise和第2句Ithad to happen…都表明第1句提到的“电子书的销量已经超过了精装书”是意料之内的事，A与此内容最为相近，故为本题答案。

48． What can be classified as the idea of stuff, according to the author? A．Hard drives.

B．Downloaded music. C．Music stores.

D．CDs, records and tapes.

正确答案：B 解析：第3段最后一句中的since表明前后两句构成因果关系。这一句表明，我们现在拥有的东西可以称为the idea of stuff，因为the actual physical things(真实可见的东西)已经消失了，剩下的只有原先保存在这些东西里的信息，而人们下载的音乐就属于这样的信息，因此，本题应选B。

49． Without the physical library, our lives will _____. A．remain quite the same B．become unpredictable C．change dramatically D．be greatly damaged

正确答案：C 解析：解题关键在于对第4段第2句的理解。该句中的a fundamental shift(根本转变)表明，实体图书馆的消失会让我们的生活发生巨大的改变。因此，本题应选C。

50． “Melville” is most probably the name of _____. A．a novel B．a critic C．a library D．a writer

正确答案：D

解析：首先可以判断“Moby-Dick”是一本小说。根据该段内容可大致推断，Melville很可能与“Moby-Dick”一样是一本小说，或是“Moby-Dick”中的某个角色，又或是“Moby-Dick”的作者，但其后提到的that novel和the book都表明这里只有“Moby-Dick”一本书。因此，Melville不可能是另一本小说的名字，这样看来，本题最符合推断的是D。

51． According to the last paragraph, the author believes that physical books _____.

A．are no more than a simple tool B．are generally better than e-books C．bring about a diminished world D．bring about irreplaceable delight

正确答案：D

解析：倒数第3句表明电子书的“高效率”不能代替传统纸质书带来的“快乐”，D中的delight和原文的pleasure和fun同义，irreplaceable为“不可代替”的意思，与no substitute对应，可见D为本题答案。

Are your Facebook friends more interesting than those you have in real life? Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children? Do you sometimes think about reaching for the fast-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control? If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic(自我陶醉的). In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet “addiction.” Technology use was clearly interfering with the students’ daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms. Dowling prefers to call it “Internet dependence.” Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it takes away our time with family and friends in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious(潜伏的)effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity(匿名状态)of the chat room change the core of who we are. There is no easy way to conquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book “The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains,” says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. “The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we have about whether and how we use that technology,” Mr. Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic. Some experts suggest simply trying to reduce the amount of time you spend online. Set limits for how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally. The problem is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr. Kimberly Young, a professor at St. Bonaventure University in New York. Technology, like food, is an essential part of daily life, and those suffering from disordered online behavior cannot give it up entirely and instead have to learn moderation and controlled use. She suggests therapy to determine the underlying issues that set off a person’s need to use the Internet “as a way of escape.”

52． Nicki Dowling agreed that over use of technology _____. A．might result in gambling problems B．coincided with gambling behaviors

C．affected students’ lives in a negative way D．could make students’ lives more efficient

正确答案：C

解析：由人名Nicki Dowling定位到第3段。第1句中的interfere with…意为“妨碍”，C中的affect…in anegative way与此同义，故本题应选C。

53． What do psychologists think about the immediacy of the Internet? A．It increases our dependence on technology. B．It reduces our dependence on technology. C．It benefits the shaping of our personality. D．It reshapes our personality intrinsically.

正确答案：D

解析：由immediacy of the Internet定位到第4段。第4段第2句中的more subtle and insidiouseffect(更加细微、隐伏的影响)和第3句提到的change the core of who we are(改变我们的性格)表明，the immediacy of the Internet(网络的迅捷)以一种潜在的方式改变着我们的性格。由此可见，本题应选D“它从本质上重新塑造我们的性格”。

54． According to Nicholas Carr, our use of technology is most influenced by _____.

A．our own life styles B．its social influences

C．the kinds of technologies available to us D．our own attitudes towards technologies

正确答案：A

解析：该句表明social and family responsibilities，work and other pressures都会影响我们对科技的使用情况，这些都属于我们的生活方式。本题应选A。

55． Dr. Kimberly Young would like to compare _____to an eating disorder. A．our use of technology B．the effects of technology C．the necessity for technology D．our dependence on technology

正确答案：D

解析：若能找到最后一段第3句开头The problem的所指，就能找到本题答案。上一段第1句提到了这个问题是dependence on technology，本题应选D。

56． The “underlying issues” are most probably _____. A．how a person looks at the Internet B．what a person wants to escape from C．the measures against escapism D．the implicit benefits of the Internet

正确答案：B 解析：原文该句中underlying issues后的定语从句说明underlying issues应该是让人将网络作为逃避方式的深层原因，最可能就是指人想要逃避的问题，因此本题应选B。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 在大多数中国城市，晚饭以后商家就关门了，但是上海却不会这么早就入睡。一度以夜生活和其文化闻名于世的上海经过几十年的消沉，又开始重获昔日的盛名。随着上海经济的迅速发展，在过去的十年中，上海的夜生活确实丰富起来了。在市区，人们可以以各种方式消磨夜晚，受欢迎的夜总会大多到凌晨2点才关门。此外，上海拥有各种剧院，在那里人们可以欣赏到话剧、马戏(acrobatics)、中国传统戏剧、音乐会等，上海的夜生活正日趋成熟。

正确答案： Most Chinese cities go to rest with their stores closed after dinner, but Shanghai won’t go to sleep so early. The city, once famous for its nightlife and culture, shows signs of reclaiming its reputation after being in a slump for several decades. With the rapid growth of Shanghai’s economy, nightlife in the city has really come of age in the past decade. A night in the downtown can be just about anything. Most of the popular nightclubs stay open till 2 am Moreover, Shanghai boasts various theaters, where plays, acrobatics, traditional Chinese operas and concerts are presented The nightlife in Shanghai is maturing day by day.

解析：1．第2句中的“一度以……闻名于世的上海”可采用形容词短语作为插入语的方式来翻译。2．“重获昔日的盛名”可以译为acquire its reputation again，也可译为reclaim its reputation。3．“人们可以以各种方式消磨夜晚”可以按照字面来直译，也可处理成译文中A night in the downtown can be just about anything。