大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷188(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷188 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of social networking by referring to the saying “Social networking platforms drive a man closer to those in neighboring continents, while driving him further apart from those in his neighborhood.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid the bad effects of social networking. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

正确答案： “Social networking platforms drive a man closer to those in neighboring continents, while driving him further apart from those in his neighborhood.” This ironic saying means that with social networking platforms, we can contact people far away more easily, but may also pay less attention to the people around us. As far as I can see, this saying is quite true. It seems so wonderful to talk to many people all over the world that some people are addicted to it. When people spend too much time on those social networking platforms, they naturally don’t have enough time and energy to care for the people around them. For example, we often hear someone who is so absorbed in all kinds of activities on social networking platforms that he often neglects sleep and meals. No doubt he will also neglect his families and friends in real life. To avoid the bad effects of social networking, we should regard it as a tool which should facilitate rather than occupy our life. The face-to-face communication should be encouraged when we are taking full advantage of social networking platforms. Only in this way could a sound and harmonious interpersonal relationship be established.

解析：这是一篇名言分析型的作文，要求考生对“社交网络平台拉近了人与邻近各大洲之问的距离，却疏远了他与邻居的距离”这句话进行分析，表达自己的观点，并论述如何避免社交网络带来的负面影响。第一段：引述名言，并解释其涵义：通过社交网络平台，我们更容易联系远方的人们，却忽视了身边的人。第二段：论证名言的说法，并举例说明。第三段：讲述如何避免社交网络带来的负面影响。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：M: Math Department, Doctor Webster speaking.W: Hello, Prof.

Webster, this is Janet Hill calling, I live two doors down from your teaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he has lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself. M: Oh, what a shame! Is there anything I can do for him? W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four and he won’t be able to teach it, but he doesn’t want to cancel it either. M: Want me to try to find somebody else to teach the class?W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is to get someone go in for him, just to pass back the midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office. The whole thing wouldn’t take more than ten minutes. M: His classes are two-thirty, eh? Well, at that time I was going to be on campus anyway: so I could do it for him What room is his class in? W: Cader Hall, Room 214. Will you need his office key to get the exams? He’s given it to me and I could bring it to you M: Actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key in the math department So I can get into his office. W: Thank you very much, Prof. Webster. Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully, he will be able to talk by then. He’ll call you as soon as he can. M: Anything else? W: Oh, yes, I almost forgot Could you put the next assignment on the board, too? It’s all the problems on page 45, and they are due at the next class.1 What is Don’s problem?2 What favor does Don want someone to do for him?3 What does Janet offer to do?4 What do the students have to do before seeing their teacher next time?

2．

A．He can’t find his office key. B．He has misplaced some exams. C．He is unable to speak out. D．He doesn’t enjoy teaching.

正确答案：C

解析：①所有选项都在描述He出现了什么状况，故可基本推测出问题。②女士在对话一开始就开门见山地说：“Don让我给您打电话是因为他失声了，无法亲自和您说话”。C为该处对话内容的同义表达，故为本题答案。

3．

A．Mark the latest course assignment.

B．Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door. C．Make an appointment with the doctor. D．Return some exam papers to his students.

正确答案：D

解析：①四个选项都是动词原形，可知题目可能问建议、希望或者打算。②对话中的提问可以起到提示作用。换言之，对话中的一问一答。往往就是某个题目的依据。女士说：“他就想找个人替他去把期中试卷发回去。”D中的return为对话pass back的同义表达，D与该处对话信息一致，为答案。

4．

A．Teach Don’s class while he’s absent

B．Give Professor Webster the key to Don’s office.

C．Leave the assignment on the board in Don’s classroom. D．Bring Don the homework that is due today.

正确答案：B 解析：①选项均为动词原形开头的短语，推测本题可能问建议、计划或打算。本题的答题关键在于听消录音中的office key，而预览选项便可确保不会遗漏该关键词。②女士主动提出：“您拿试卷需要他办公室的钥匙吗?他把钥匙给我了，我可以给您拿过来。”故B正确。

5．

A．Copy all the assignment from the blackboard. B．Finish the assignment on a required page.

C．Go to attend another class in the same building. D．Prepare for a group presentation in the next class.

正确答案：B

解析：①选项都与作业、任务(assignment、solve problems、attend class、presentation)有关。②女士最后说：“作业是45页上的所有题目，在下次课前要完成。”B与之一致。

听力原文：W: Hey, Sam! You should take a look at this article about Canadian scorpions.M: I didn’t know there were scorpions in Canada. I thought they only lived in deserts.W: Well, the deadly kinds do. Like in Arizona and New Mexico.M: I thought all scorpions were dangerous.W: No, only about 25 kinds are deadly to humans. Actually there are over 1,500 different species. But only one lives in Canada.M: Where in Canada? Not around here?W: Well, mostly Saskatchewan and Alberta. But yeah, right here in British Columbia too.M: Is the Canadian kind poisonous?W: Not for humans. Supposedly their sting is no worse than a bee’s. Anyway scorpions are all over the place. They can live in just about any climate. In fact the only continent where they don’t live is Antarctica.M: Why? Is it too cold there?W: There must be other reasons.M: Do tell me. My curiosity is aroused.W: OK According to this article, scorpions can withstand conditions that’d probably kill most other animals. Scientists did all these experiments, like the scorpion was frozen in a block of ice for 3 weeks and when they melted the ice, it just walked away.M: It was still alive?W: Yeah. But what’s most amazing is that they also survived radiation levels 200 times higher than would kill a human. No wonder they’ve outlived the dinosaurs.M: Listen. I’ve got to run. But I’d really like a copy of that article.W:[8]No problem. I’ll make one for you.M: Thank you.5 How did the woman learn about the scorpions in Canada?6 Where do the two speakers probably live?7 What did the scientific experiments show about the scorpions?8 What will the woman do for the man?

6．

A．From a special seminar.

B．From a cultural documentary. C．From what she just read. D．From her Canadian friend.

正确答案：C

解析：①选项均以From开头，因此推断题目问来源。②女士在对话一开始就开门见山地说：“你应该看一下这篇关于加拿大蝎子的文章。”故C正确。

7．

A．In New Mexico. B．In British Columbia. C．In Alberta. D．In Arizona.

正确答案：B

解析：①选项为地点，听音时听到哪一个即需在该选项旁适当做笔记。②男士问蝎子在加拿大哪些地方，女士说：“就在我们这的British Columbia也有。”故B正确。

8．

A．They prefer cool temperatures.

B．They can survive extreme conditions. C．They are vulnerable to radiation. D．They have a very short life span.

正确答案：B 解析：①根据选项可以预测出题目询问某生物的生活习性。②女士两次提到蝎子的生命力——“可以在任何气候中生存”，“蝎子可经受住能杀死绝大部分其他动物的环境”。B中的survive和extreme分别对应对话中的withstand和kill most other animals，是对话原文的同义表达。

9．

A．Copy the article about scorpions. B．Have lunch with him.

C．Buy books about scorpions. D．Go to Canada with him.

正确答案：A

解析：对话末尾，男子说他想要一份这篇关于蝎子的文章的复印件，女士答应帮他弄一份，可知A正确。

Section B

听力原文： Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the

presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification: therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communications. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles. Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch such as by handshaking, although a highly-developed system of handshaking disables blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, clapping hands in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully-developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language. The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.9 Why does the speaker analyze reception of communication first?10 What examples are taken when talking about visual communication?11 What’s the feature of means of communication discussed by the speaker?

10．

A．Communication actually takes place when the message is received. B．There are more means of receiving than of sending communications. C．Reception of communication involves use of the senses.

D．It is hard to organize by typing the means of sending communication.

正确答案：D

解析：由于交流活动中信息发送方式种类繁多，不利于系统分类，因此说话者选择从信息接收方式(the means of receiving communications)的角度来分析信息交流。由此推断，D为正确答案。

11．

A．Clapping hands.

B．Gesture and imitation. C．Handshaking. D．Smell and taste.

正确答案：B

解析：短文中明确提到，视觉交流的例子是手势(gesture)与模仿(imitation)。由此可知，B为正确答案。

12．

A．They don’t need conventional signs and symbols. B．They only require a receiver in communication.

C．The distance between communicators can’t be too long. D．They are not restricted in time and space.

正确答案：C 解析：短文结尾部分提到，就目前为止提到的交流方式具有两个共同的特征：一是它们持续的时间短；二是相对而言交流者必须互相靠得比较近。C描述的是第二个特征，因此为正确答案。

听力原文： Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. To prevent war, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted for the survival of human beings.12 Compared with wars in the past, what is war like today?13 What does the speaker believe about ideology?14 What is the best way to prevent war according to the speaker?15 What’s the speaker’s attitude towards war?

13．

A．Worse than in the past. B．As bad as in the past.

C．Not so dangerous as in the past. D．As necessary as in the past.

正确答案：A

解析：短文明确提到，在过去，人类可以伴随战争生存，但现代智慧已经改变了这种情况：现在要么是人类消灭战争，要么是战争毁灭人类。由此可见。战争已经升级，下文提到的具毁灭性特征的生化武器和核武器就是很好的例子。故A为正确答案。

14．

A．The adoption of modern ideologies can stop war. B．The adoption of any ideology could prevent war. C．The adoption of some ideologies could prevent war. D．The adoption of any ideology can’t stop war.

正确答案：D

解析：文中提到，有些人认为采纳这种或那种意识形态可以防止战争，我相信这是一个巨大的错误。由此可知。说话者直接否定了“意识形态可以阻止战争”这样的想法，故D为正确答案。

15．

A．Enhance the contests of force. B．Change people’s old mental habits. C．Change people’s ideologies.

D．Persuade mankind to live with war.

正确答案：B

解析：短文结尾部分提到，要防止战争，我们就需要说服人们以一种新的方式来看待国际事务(指通过一致同意的协议来进行仲裁)。之后说话者又指出要改变人们这种旧的思维习惯是不容易的，但为了使人类得以生存这是必须尝试的方法。听到其中的任何一句话，都不难得出，B为正确答案。

16．

A．War is the only way to solve international disputes.

B．War will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons. C．It is impossible for people to live without war. D．War must be abolished if man wants to survive.

正确答案：D

解析：要正确判断说话者对战争的态度，就要把握住文章的主旨：即通过仲裁方式消除争端从而消除战争。文中提及的abolishing war、to prevent war等词都表明了说话者的态度，就是消除战争。四个选项中只有D是持消除战争的态度，故选D。

Section C

听力原文： Good afternoon, everyone. I can’t tell you how honored I am to share my experiences as one of only a handful of women today running a major global corporation. I was offered the job as CEO of Avon four years ago, and it has certainly been an experience of a lifetime for me ever since. We’ve had a spectacular success, modernizing everything about the company from top to bottom. As I reflect on my rapid rise to the top as one of the few women running a major global corporation, I have found myself thinking a great deal about my Chinese heritage and how enormously fortunate I am to have been given this very precious gift. I was raised in a traditional Chinese family where achievement was not demanded, but expected. My father, bom in Hong Kong, was a successful architect. My mother, born in Shanghai, was the first female chemical engineer in her graduating class at the University of Toronto in Canada. They arrived in America not speaking a word of

English, but through hard work, both were able to fulfill their full potential, and their success has set a wonderful example for me. My parents were always, and continue to be today, the single biggest influence in my life. They raised my brother and me with a respect for the values and traditions of our Chinese heritage, yet also with an unwavering commitment to bring us up with all the opportunities for higher education and a desire to prepare us to adapt to American society and to succeed in this world of great change. My brother and I were given all the opportunities of our American friends—the same schools, the same tennis lessons, the same piano teachers... but we had the wonderful advantage in my mind of a cultural heritage that we were always taught to be proud of. Mom and Dad always wanted us to be proud of being Chinese. We grew up believing that being Chinese was the greatest advantage in life: in our house, everything important in life came from China, was invented in China, owing all to the Chinese. When I first became CEO, a famous American television journalist interviewed my dad and asked him if he always knew I would be successful in business. No, he said, quite to the contrary, he worried for years that raising me to be a respectful Chinese daughter would hinder my ability to compete in a world with what he considered the aggressive, cut-throat traits of typical American CEOs. In fact, he passed on a letter to me that I kept, translated from Chinese to English, in my desk drawer...16 What does the speaker mainly talk about in the speech?17 What has set a wonderful example for the speaker?18 What can we learn about the speaker’s parents?19 What is the common characteristic of a typical American CEO according to the speaker’s father?

17．

A．Her personal experience to be a successful CEO. B．Her management in Avon as a successful CEO. C．Her family education of the Chinese heritage.

D．Her education experience in both China and America

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。录音中，演讲者主要回顾自己的家庭教育经历。并通篇提及了作为华裔的父母非常注重中国文化的熏陶。C“她家庭关于中国传统文化的教育”很好地概括了这篇讲话的主旨，故为答案。

18．

A．Her parents’ hard work to fulfill their full potential. B．Her parents’ thirst for opportunities of higher education. C．Her parents’ desire to adapt to American society. D．Her parents’ strong sense of competition in America

正确答案：A 解析：该问题问是什么给演讲者树立了榜样。演讲者讲到父母来美国打拼的经历时，从最初说不好英语到最后通过自己的努力发挥自己最大的潜能取得成功，为她树立了很好的榜样。故A正确。

19．

A．They studied engineer in Canada for graduate degree.

B．They spoke very good English when they reached America C．They were more concerned with the speaker’s EQ than IQ.

D．They valued both Chinese and Western cultures in family education.

正确答案：D

解析：该问题问关于演讲者父母的信息。演讲者提到，她父母用中国的传统文化和价值观教育她和弟弟，并不遗余力地把握所有让姐弟俩接受教育的机会，帮助他们适应美国社会，并在这个变幻无常的世界里获得成功。故D“他们在家庭教育中对中西方文化都很重视”正确。

20．

A．Creative. B．Aggressive. C．Respectful. D．Responsible.

正确答案：B

解析：该问题问关于演讲者父亲对美国典型的CEO的看法。演讲者最后说到，她的父亲一直担心把她教育成一个孝顺的中国女儿会妨碍她在首席执行官的圈子里和别人竞争，他认为那里个个争强好胜、残酷无情。故B正确。

听力原文： Hello, everybody. What I want to talk about today is an idea for a new kind of school, which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking about what schools are for and how they work[20]Where it comes from is an organization called the Young Foundation, which, over many decades, has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University, and things like Extended Schools, Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities, and the School of Everything. About five years ago, we asked about what was the most important need for innovation for schooling here in the U.K. And we felt the most important priority was to bring together two sets of problems. One was large numbers of bored teenagers who just didn’t like school and couldn’t see any relationship between what they learned at school and their future jobs, Hand the other was employers who kept complaining that the kids coming out of school weren’t actually ready for real work and didn’t have the right attitudes and experience. After hundreds of conversations with teenagers, teachers, parents, employers and schools from Paraguay to Australia, and looking at some academic research which showed the importance of non-cognitive skills and formal academic skills, we came up with an answer, which we called a studio school. We called it studio school to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance where work and learning are integrated. You work by learning, and you learn by working. The design we came up with had the following characteristics: first of all, we wanted small school, about 300 to 400 pupils, 14 to 19 year-olds, and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum

would be done not through sitting in classrooms, but through real-life, practical projects, working on commission to businesses, NGO’s and others. Every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers, who would have timetables, much more like a work environment in a business. All of this will be done within the public system, funded by public money, but independently run. There would be no extra cost, no selections. And pupils would be allowed the route into university, even many of them would want to become entrepreneurs, and have manual jobs as well. Underlying it were some very simple ideas that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things, they learn best in teams, and they learn best by doing things for real—all the opposite of what mainstream schooling actually does.20 Where does the idea for the new kind of school come from?21 What do employers always complain about according to the speaker?22 What is the basic idea of the studio school?

21．

A．The Open University. B．The Young Foundation. C．The British government. D．The School of Everything.

正确答案：B 解析：该题问新型学校的想法来自哪里，录音开头说到这个想法源于一个叫Young Foundation的组织，故B正确。

22．

A．School graduates’ lack of creativity and responsibility. B．School graduates’ lack of right attitudes and experience. C．School graduates’ lack of experience and confidence. D．School graduates’ lack of communication skills.

正确答案：B 解析：说话人提到两个重要的问题，其中一个是雇主经常抱怨毕业的孩子还没有为真正的工作做好准备，缺乏正确的态度和工作经验，故B正确。

23．

A．Students learn best by doing things for real. B．Students learn fast in business environment C．Students learn fast through online courses. D．Students learn best when sitting in classrooms.

正确答案：A

解析：该题问学徒学校的基本思想是什么。说话人在最后谈到，青少年通过做真实工作中所需要做的事情来学习，效果最好，这是支撑学徒学校的基本思想，故A正确。

听力原文：Moderator: Faced with a wide variety of goods in the shopping

mall, have you ever been crazy for the choice overload problem? Today, we are honored to have Sheena Zyengar. business professor from Columbia University, to give us a lecture on how to make choice easier. Sheena Zyengar: Thank you! Do you know how many choices you make in a typical day? Do you know how many choices you make in a typical week? I recently did a survey with over 2,000 Americans, and the average number of choices that the typical American reports making is about 70 in a typical day. There was also recently a study done with CEOs in which these scientists followed CEOs around for a whole week. And they simply documented all the various tasks that these CEOs engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks. And they found that the average CEO engaged in about 139 tasks in a week. Each task was made up of many, many sub-choices of course. 50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less. Only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time. Think about your own choices. Do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category? How well do you think you’re doing at managing those choices? Today I want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have, which is the choice overload problem. I want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions. Now as I talk about this problem, I’m going to have some questions for you and I’m going to want to know your answers. So when I ask you a question, since I’m blind, only raise your hand if you want to bum off some calories. Otherwise, when I ask you a question, and if your answer is yes, I’d like you to clap your hands. So for my first question for you today: Are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem?23 What is the purpose of the survey done with CEOs?24 What is the focus of Professor Sheena Iyengar’s speech?25 How will the audience respond to the speaker’s question if their answer is “yes”?

24．

A．To find out how much time they spend in making decisions. B．To find out how many hours they spend on business meetings. C．To find out how often they go on business traveling. D．To find out how much pressure they undertake at work.

正确答案：A

解析：该题考查对CEO做的研究的目的。在对CEO的调研中，科学家们记录下CEO做的各项任务及在每项任务中做决定花费的时间。故A正确。

25．

A．To make choices more easily.

B．To make work time more efficient. C．To make shopping more convenient. D．To make decisions more independently.

正确答案：A 解析：录音首尾处均提到，演讲的主要内容是关于选择过多造成的问题及其

解决方案。有解决方案的人能让选择更容易。故A正确。

26．

A．In words.

B．By eye contact. C．By clapping hands. D．By raising hand.

正确答案：C

解析：该题问面对演讲者的问题，听众如何互动，在录音最后，演讲者让听众通过拍手的方式来表示yes，故C为正确答案。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

It seems logical: College graduates have lower unemployment and earn more than less educated workers, so, the thinking goes, the fix for today’s weak growth in jobs and wages is to make sure that more people earn college degrees. But that’s a common misperception,【C1】______attention from the serious work that has to be done to create jobs and improve incomes. A college education remains a【C2】______to more stable, higher-paying employment. The recent jobless rate for college graduates ages 25 and older was 3.2 percent. That is a far lower rate of joblessness than for high school graduates and people without high school【C3】______. But that doesn’t mean that enough good jobs are, or will be,【C4】______for college graduates. The jobless rate for those under 25 averaged 8.2 percent this year. Recent graduates also face【C5】______underemployment, meaning that they work in jobs that typically do not require bachelor’s degrees. Pay,【C6】______, has not changed for college-educated workers over the past 12 years. That’s better than【C7】______, as has been the case for less-educated workers. But it also shows that a college education, in and of itself, does not create good jobs at good pay. For that, a【C8】______economy is essential—including consistent pro-employment policies and investments by business and government. Right now, the【C9】______for more good jobs at good pay is not good. According to recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, of the 20 occupations expected to add the most new jobs from 2012 to 2022, only one—general and operations management—requires a bachelor’s degree. It also pays well. Most of the other big-growth occupations offered very low or【C10】______pay.A)declining E)qualitative I)moderate M)eligibleB)diplomats F)available J)hence N)diplomasC)meanwhile G)evacuated K)diverting O)risingD)outlook H)thriving L)path

27． 【C1】

正确答案：K

解析：空格前是完整的一个句子，因此此处应是分词形式，作句子状语。上文提到人们认为大学毕业生的失业率低，因此解决就业及工资增长问题的办法是确保更多的人获得大学学位。根据空格后的宾语attention及介词搭配from…，可推断diverting“转移……的注意力”正确，表示上文的看法“转移了”要创造新工作岗位和增加收入的严峻问题。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：L

解析：空格前的不定冠词a表明此处需填入辅音开头的名词单数形式，与空格后的介词to搭配，补充说明主语A college education。本句意为：大学教育仍然是获得更稳定、更高薪工作的一个……。名词path“途径”符合此处语义。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：N 解析：此处需填入名词，作介词without的宾语。上文high school graduates(高中毕业生)与此处people without high school．．．并列，故diplomas“文凭”符合上下文语义，表示没有高中“文凭”的人。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：F 解析：空格前的are和or will be表明此处需填入分词或形容词，且能与空格后的for搭配。上文提到的25岁及以上的大学毕业生的失业率远比高中毕业或以下的人低，本句用But转折，故要表达的意思是“现在或将来并没有足够多的好工作给大学毕业生”。available“可获得的，可用的”符合上下文语境。而eligible“合格的，有资格的”也可与for搭配，但一般是用人作主语，如：Are you eligible for social security benefits?(你有资格享受社会福利吗?)

31． 【C5】

正确答案：O

解析：此处可填入名词、形容词或分词。来修饰宾语under employment。上一句谈到今年25岁以下毕业生的失业率，而本句的meaning that．．．后面的内容则表明就业岗位不需要那么多具备学士学位的毕业生。可知毕业生正面临着越来越高的失业率，rising“上升的”符合此处语义。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：C

解析：空格位于主谓之间，前后各有一个逗号，故应填入副词。上一段与失业率(jobless rate)有关，本句提及薪水(Pay)，与上文是并列平行关系，故填入

meanwhile“同时”，说明过去12年间，受过大学教育的人的薪水同时没有改变。另一个副词hence“因此；从此”表因果。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：A

解析：空格前的than是介词，故因填入名词或动名词。句子主语That指的是上一句所说的受过大学教育的人的工资在过去12年都没有变化的情况，根据better than可知declining“下降”正确。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：H

解析：此处应填入修饰economy的词，由a可知是辅音开头，可能是形容词、分词或名词。上一句提到大学教育本身不创造薪水高的好工作，根据下文破折号后面的补充说明，可知持续促进就业的政策以及企业和政府的投资会给经济带来好的结果，故填入的词应表积极意义，thriving“兴旺的”符合要求。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：D

解析：此处应填入名词，作句子主语。本句是该段首句，句子意为：更多薪酬不错的好工作的……并不好。接着下文具体说明了在20个有望增加最多新工作的行业中，只有一个行业要求学士学位，薪酬也不错。outlook“前景”与expected to相呼应，句子表示好工作的“前景”并不好，符合语义逻辑。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：I

解析：此处应填入与low并列的形容词或分词，修饰pay(薪水)。moderate“中等的”符合要求，说明工作增长较多的大部分行业所给的薪水很低或是“中等的”。

Section B

Depression[A]In bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good night’s sleep. You feel anxious and worried. There’s plenty to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You don’t even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,” but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions. When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are definitely in one of life’s valleys—you are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you can’t function normally in everyday life.[B]Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive

episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well.[C]Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults—or 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and older—in a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek treatment. Depression can range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior. It’s important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize them.[D]Reactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful events—divorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The person is unable to recover normally from the feelings associated with the event. Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages.[E]Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during the winter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective disorder caused by a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors aren’t sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone melatonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. They may also suffer from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “woman’s depression,” in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about half of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffer from SAD or other emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited[F]Biochemical depression. Doctors aren’t sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. It’s likely that this type of depression is caused by biochemical problems within the brain. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem.[G]Disease or drug-related depression. Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypothyroidism(甲状腺功能减退)can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland(甲状腺)malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, impaired memory, and shortness of breath Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone.[H]Certain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers(镇定剂), and heart and blood pressure medications, as well as withdrawal from some street drugs like cocaine, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression.[I]Teenage depression. Recognizing depression in children is important. Depression in teenagers may appear somewhat different from

adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young people become overwhelmed by peer pressures and feelings of isolation and powerless-ness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease in his or her ability to cope effectively.(As is the case for adults, treatment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.)[J]Depression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additionally, an individual’s self-confidence, personality traits—such as dependency on others or perfectionism—and unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to depression. Many people with major depression also suffer from intense anxiety.[K]There are many theories about the causes of depression. The social learning theory suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory suggests that a significant loss(such as of a parent)or a withdrawal of affection in childhood(whether real or perceived)may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of self-esteem are essential components leading to depression.[L]Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression: in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes. Depression often runs in families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness.[M]Environmental Influences. Researchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depression can be endogenous(internally caused)or exogenous(related to outside events). Major changes in one’s environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes one’s way of looking at ordinary life circumstances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed.[N]How do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day, all day, for at least two weeks. Depressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or excessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or compulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt.[O]Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they don’t

have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If another person calls for them, these people may refuse to go because they have no hope that they can be helped. However, family and friends should keep trying to get the depressed person to seek help, because up to 15 percent of those who suffer from severe clinical depression commit suicide.

37． It is supposed that symptoms like fatigues and depression in winter may be caused by a higher level of melatonin for a lack of sunlight.

正确答案：E

解析：根据题目中winter、melatonin和sunlight定位至E段。文中提到季节性抑郁症的表现是到了冬天就感到情绪低落，这可能是由于缺少与阳光接触而引起的季节性情绪失调。医生推测，郁闷的感觉和其他症状可能是由于释放的褪黑素的增加。本题句子信息出现在该段第2～3句中，题目中的a higher level ofmelatonin与文中an increase in the release of the hormone melatonin对应。

38． According to interpersonal theory, normal social connections are of great significance to maintain sound mental health.

正确答案：K

解析：根据题目中interpersonal theory、social connections和mental health定位至K段。该段介绍引起抑郁症的相关理论，人际理论强调社会联系对保持精神健康的重要性。本题句子与该段倒数第2句对应，题目中的are of great significance与原文emphasizes the importance of对应，sound对应原文good。

39． A large percentage of severe depression can be relieved or treated but in reality few people actively seek to address the problem.

正确答案：C 解析：根据题目中的severe depression和seek to address the problem定位至C段。文中提到，虽然治疗可以让80％以上的重性抑郁症患者可得到康复，但大多数患有抑郁症的人并不会去寻求治疗。题目中的a large percentage与原文more than 80 percent对应，seek to address the problem对应文中seek treatment。

40． There is a close link between drug and depression and some women reported depression owing to the taking of birth control pills.

正确答案：H 解析：根据题目中drug和birth control pills定位至H段。本段倒数第2句中提到，一些服用避孕药的妇女发现这些药会使她们暴躁易怒、感到焦虑和郁闷。本题句子信息与此一致。

41． When the blues affect your daily life seriously and you can’t snap out of

them, you are depressed.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题目中the blues和daily life定位至A段。本段提到了抑郁症的一些症状，最后一句进一步总结说当你感到无精打采，老想睡觉，以致正常生活受到严重影响的时候，这种偶尔的情绪低落就发展成了抑郁症。本题句子是对本段内容的概括，题目中的affect．．．seriously与文中can’t function normally对应，snap out of them对应原文pull yourself together。

42． Heartbreaking events such as the loss of a family member can trigger reactive depression.

正确答案：D 解析：根据题目中the loss of a family member和reactive depression定位至D段。反应性抑郁症常由一些压力事件——如离婚、亲人的去世——引起。本题句子信息与些一致。题目中的heartbreaking events与文中stressful events对应，trigger对应原文a reaction to。

43． As depression can lead to suicide, it is suggested that family members or friends should do something for depressed individuals who are so overwhelmed by their condition.

正确答案：O

解析：根据题目中suicide定位至O段。文中提到，抑郁患者被病症折磨得连走亲访友、向专门机构求助的精力都没有，而且也没有希望得到他人的帮助，加上重性抑郁患者有自杀的倾向，因此家人和朋友应帮忙寻求帮助。本题句子概括了本段主要内容。

44． Social expectation, performance in school and a number of other factors contribute to depression in teens.

正确答案：I

解析：根据题目中social和teens定位至I段。青少年抑郁症的原因比较复杂，文中列举了许多原因，如青春期的各种冲突、同辈压力、社会期望、在校表现等。本题句子是对本段第4-6句的概括。performance in school与原文doing poorly in school对应。

45． Though people of all ages may suffer from depression, women tend to develop major depressive episodes earlier than men.

正确答案：B

解析：根据题目中people of all ages和男女性患病年龄的比较定位至B段。本段首句提到，虽然重性抑郁症患者大多是55岁到70岁之间的男性和20到45岁之间的妇女，但各个年龄段的人都可能患抑郁症。本题句子是原文信息的近似

表达，题目中people of all ages对应原文occurs at all ages。

46． Some people are more inclined to get depression because of genetic reasons.

正确答案：L

解析：根据题目中genetic reasons定位至L段。本段首句提到，有些个人的生理结构可能使他更容易患抑郁症；换句话说，他们可能天生带有一种患抑郁症的倾向。倒数第2句进一步说明，抑郁症往往与家族遗传有关。可见，本题信息出自L段。

Section C

Fertilizer use has exploded, overloading plants worldwide, likely altering ecosystems for decades to centuries, scientists report Thursday. In the journal Science, a review led by Donald Canfield of the University of Southern Denmark found that fertilizer use worldwide increased 800% from 1960 to 2000. “Given the rising costs of synthetic fertilizer production, this overuse is not only economically expensive, but also initiates a series of large-scale environmental impacts,” says the review. Fundamentally, nitrogen from fertilizers has led to an explosion in “dead zones” in seas and oceans, upsetting a cycle of nutrients balanced with growth that has lasted for billions of years, the authors find. As well, the excess nitrogen is forming large amounts of nitrous oxide(一氧化二氮), a powerful greenhouse gas in wetlands, adding to climate change. Agriculture today produces about a quarter of the nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. “The effects of humans have been profound. In the last few decades we have doubled the worldwide biological availability of nitrogen, an element that often limits growth of plants and algae,” says Thomas Jordan of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Eclgewater, Md., who was not part of the review. The review, “is a very careful analysis of the nitrogen cycle by three of the world authorities in this area,” says biochemist Robert Blankenship of Washington University in St. Louis, who also was not part of the review. “The concerns they raise for how the nitrogen cycle is now significantly out of balance are important and need to be addressed by changing agricultural practices. The world’s food supply depends directly on nitrogen application in the form of fertilizer, but current practices are such that much of the applied nitrogen ends up in rivers and eventually in the ocean where it causes serious problems.” “Natural feedbacks driven by microorganisms will likely produce a new steady state over time scales of many decades,” say the review authors. “However, because of the projected increase in human population through at least 2050, there will be demand for an increase in fixed nitrogen for crops to feed this population.” And that will mean a lot more dead zones, they warn, like the one that blooms yearly, in 2010 about the size of New Jersey, in the Gulf of Mexico. “Several new approaches and a much wider use of more sustainable time-honored practices, however, can decrease nitrogen use substantially,” they conclude. The rising cost and environmental toll of fertilizers will increase demand for less use on farms, they add. “However, even with management, the future cycle will likely be different

from the one that preceded the Industrial Revolution.”

47． Fertilizers impose great impact on the environment because______. A．they are mainly synthetic B．they are increasingly costly C．they contain few nutrients D．they release much nitrogen

正确答案：D 解析：第1段最后一句提到了使用化肥会给环境带来巨大影响，而第2段则具体解释了化肥对环境的影响主要体现为其产生的氮会导致气候变化等问题。因此，本题应选D。

48． Thomas Jordan is most likely to believe that______. A．the review in Science is not convincing enough B．the findings of the review in Science are justified C．humans produce worse effects than nitrogen D．the effects of nitrogen have been neglected

正确答案：B

解析：从Thomas Jordan所说的话可以知道，他认同氮对生物和环境造成负面的影响，这个观点与the review对化肥和氮的研究结果相同，由此可推断他最可能认为the review的研究结果是合理的。因此，本题应选B。

49． According to Robert Blankenship, the nitrogen cycle is out of balance because______.

A．nitrogen is applied in the form of fertilizer B．much nitrogen ends up in seas and oceans C．food supply depends directly on nitrogen D．much nitrogen is applied in agriculture

正确答案：B

解析：第3段倒数第2句末尾的并列句and need to be addressed by changing agricultural practices表明氮循环的不平衡是因为agricultural practices不当所致，最后一句中的but current practices are such that…可知问题在于“大多数的氮渗入了河流中，最后流入大海”，这就是导致氮循环失衡的原因。因此，本题应选

B．

50． What happens to the “dead zones” year by year? A．The sizes of such zones keep expanding.

B．The human population in such zones keeps increasing. C．There is an increasing demand for crops in such zones. D．Microorganisms grow well in such zones.

正确答案：A

解析：该句中的blooms表明在墨西哥湾的“死区”每年的面积都在扩大。而该句开头部分又表明，以后会有更多与墨西哥湾“死区”相似的dead zones的出现，这暗示dead zones的面积每年都会扩大。因此，本题应选A。

51． It is concluded in the review that______. A．the use of nitrogen will become sustainable B．the use of nitrogen will disappear from farms C．the demand for nitrogen will decrease D．the demand for nitrogen will increase

正确答案：C

解析：最后一段第1句中的decrease…substantially和第2句中的increase demand for less use都表明研究人员认为将来对氮的需求将会下降。因此，本题应选C。

There is never a good time to have a heart attack, but the wise person afflicted with clogging arteries(动脉堵塞)might want to be especially careful in future to avoid stress and watch the diet as August rolls around. The NHS, it is revealed today, has its very own black Wednesday, when death rates go up by an average of 6%: and there is a somewhat disturbing underlying cause—the arrival on the wards of a new intake of junior doctors. On the first Wednesday in August every year, a freshly qualified set of junior doctors arrives on the wards. Pristine(质朴的)and eager and brilliant they no doubt are, but while they are finding their way around something unexplained and slightly perplexing appears to happen. Researchers from the Dr. Foster unit and the department of acute medicine at Imperial College London say there has been a suspicion for years that more people die on the day the new doctors arrive, but for the first time they have established that it happens—although they say the rise in deaths is very small. They do not blame the doctors’ inexperience or confusion in the hospital and say it is also possible that only the severest cases are admitted in that week, because of the changeover. Their study has international implications, the researchers say. “A similar effect has been recorded in the US(known as the ‘July phenomenon’),” they write in their paper. But previous studies have looked only at a few hospitals. The Imperial study is far bigger, examining carefully data from nearly 300,000 patients in 175 hospital trusts. It compared death rates on the first Wednesday in August with the last Wednesday in July. The difference was most marked in medical cases, where there was an 8% increase in deaths: there was no difference in surgical cases. “We wanted to find out whether mortality rates changed on the first Wednesday in August, when junior doctors take up their new posts,” said senior author Paul Aylin. “What we have found looks like an interesting pattern and we would now like to look at this in more detail to find out what might be causing the increase.” “Our study does not mean that people should avoid going into hospital that week. This is a relatively small difference

in mortality rates, and the numbers of excess deaths are very low. It’s too early to say what might be causing it.” Shree Datta, chair of the British Medical Association’s junior doctor committee, said the study had to be judged alongside others looking at mortality rates before and after junior doctors start their new jobs, but added: “Clearly even a small increase in death rates is of great concern and we need further research to see whether this is a general effect or an anomaly(反常).”

52． According to the passage, August is the time when______. A．people are most stressed by work B．most heart attack cases happen

C．people are easily afflicted with clogging arteries D．junior doctors begin working in the hospitals

正确答案：D 解析：第2段末尾提到8月份是初级医生进入医院工作的时间，而在这个时间医院的死亡率特别高。由此可见，D的说法正确。

53． What is the researchers’ attitude towards the idea that more people die on the day the new doctors arrive?

A．Perplexed. B．Affirmative. C．Suspicious. D．Opposed.

正确答案：B 解析：该段破折号前的they have established that it happens表明研究人员“证实”了新医生到达的那天，会有更多人死亡。因此。本题应选B。

54． Which of the following is taken by the researchers as a possible cause of the rise in deaths in the first week of August?

A．The qualifications of the junior doctors. B．The mismanagement of the hospitals. C．The graveness of the patients’ diseases. D．The hospitals’ shortage of workforce.

正确答案：C

解析：该段中it is also possible及其后的从句表明，研究人员认为医院在8月只接收最严重的病例也可能是死亡率高的一个原因。因此，本题应选C。

55． What is the true about the hospitals in the United States? A．The “July phenomenon” is restricted to a few hospitals. B．Junior doctors usually arrive at the hospitals in July. C．Only a few of them were involved in the Imperial study.

D．The Imperial study has widespread influence on them.

正确答案：B

解析：该句中的similar effect表明，在美国新医生到达医院期间，死亡率也会上升，这被称为“7月现象”。由此可推断美国的新医生在7月到医院上班。因此。本题应选B。

56． According to Shree Datta, more research is needed to______. A．find out how common such rise in death rates is B．find out the real causes of such rise in death rates C．prove that even small rise in death rates is significant D．prove that the rise in death rates is of minor importance

正确答案：A

解析：最后一句表明，Shree Datta认为要进一步研究这个阶段死亡率上升的情况是普遍现象还是异常现象。可见，A“找出这个阶段死亡率上升的情况究竟有多普遍”与他的观点相符，选A。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 农村经济对于保持国内生产总值(GDP)平稳增长有着越来越重要的作用。因此，中国政府坚持把增加农民收入作为农村工作的中心任务，千方百计拓宽农民的增收渠道。过去几年中，农民人均纯收入(per capita net income)实现了稳步增长。2002年以来，实现年均增速达到7．996。特别是2010年，城乡收入差距开始出现缩小的可喜迹象。去年，农村人均收入实际增长速度首次超过城市。在经济增长放缓的局势下，农村经济的韧性(resilience)将有效帮助中国避免经济硬着陆(hard landing)。

正确答案： The rural economy plays an increasingly important role in keeping the steady growth of GDP. Therefore, the Chinese government has continued to regard the increase of rural incomes as a central task of the initiatives in rural areas and has made every effort to create additional means of income for rural residents. The per capita net income of rural residents has increased steadily over the past several years. It has realized an average annual increase of 7.9% since 2002. On a particularly positive note, the income gap between urban and rural areas began to show signs of narrowing in 2010. Last year, the real per capita income growth of rural residents exceeded that of urban inhabitants for the first time. With China’s economic growth slowing down, the resilience of rural economy will help China effectively to avoid a hard landing for economy.

解析：1．第2句“中国政府坚持……，千方百计拓宽农民的增收渠道”，翻译为现在完成时更佳，强调政府政策的持续性，与下文提到的农民收入增加这一影响呼应。2．“2002年以来，实现年均增速达到7．9％”，隐匿了主语“农民人均纯收入”，翻译时应该补上主语it。“……以来(since)”提示本句要用完成时。3．“特别是2010年，城乡收入差距开始出现缩小的可喜迹象”一句可先译出中

心意思the income gap began to show signs。再补充其他修饰成分“城乡”、“缩小”和“可喜”。参考译文将修饰语“可喜”转换成状语，译成On a particularly positive note(可喜的是)，这一处理方式比译成show positive signs of narrowing更能突出政策取得的成果。4．末句中的“在经济增长放缓的局势下”不可译成faced with a slowing economic growth，因为句子的主语“农村经济的韧性”在逻辑上与它没有任何关系，因此可考虑译为with引导的复合结构，表伴随状态，即with China’s economic growth slowing down。